Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein
Einstein怹1921， by Ferdinand Schmutzer
出世	1879 年3月14日(1879-03-14) Ulm，Germany
過身	1955 年 4 月 18 日 (歲) Princeton， New Jersey， U.S。
Citizenship	Full list Kingdom of Württemberg， part of the German Empire (1879–1896) Stateless (1896–1901) Switzerland (1901–1955) Austria， part of theAustro-Hungarian Empire (1911–1912) Kingdom of Prussia， part of the German Empire (1914–1918) Free State of Prussia (Weimar Republic， 1918–1933) United States (1940–1955)
Education	Federal polytechnic schoolin Zurich (Federal teaching diploma， 1900) University of Zurich (PhD， 1905)
著名	General relativity Special relativity Photoelectric effect E=mc2 (Mass–energy equivalence) E=hf (Planck–Einstein relation) Theory of Brownian motion Einstein field equations Bose–Einstein statistics Bose–Einstein condensate Gravitational wave Cosmological constant Unified field theory EPR paradox Ensemble interpretation List of other concepts
Children	Lieserl Hans Albert Eduard "Tete"
Awards	Barnard Medal (1920) Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) Matteucci Medal (1921) ForMemRS (1921) Copley Medal (1925) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926) Max Planck Medal (1929) Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1942) Time Person of the Century(1999)
科學生涯
Gén究領域	Physics， philosophy
任織機構	Swiss Patent Office (Bern) (1902–1909) University of Bern (1908–1909) University of Zurich (1909–1911) Charles University in Prague (1911–1912) ETH Zurich (1912–1914) Prussian Academy of Sciences (1914–1933) Humboldt University of Berlin (1914–1933) Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (director， 1917–1933) German Physical Society (president， 1916–1918) Leiden University (visits， 1920) Institute for Advanced Study，Princeton University (1933–1955) California Institute of Technology (visits， 1931–1933) University of Oxford (visits， 1931–1933) Brandeis University (director， 1946–1947)
Thesis	Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) (1905)
Doctoral advisor	Alfred Kleiner
Other academic advisors	Heinrich Friedrich Weber
仝影響	Hendrik Lorentz Hermann Minkowski
受影響	Virtually all modern physicists
Signature

Albert Einstein， 1947年

Albert Einstein或者 (he̍k-chiá)阿爾伯特 (A-ní-pek-te̍k)愛因斯坦 (Ài-in-su-thán) (阿爾伯特͘愛因斯坦) (1879年 3月14日 – 1955年 4月18日) 是 (sī)德國 (Tek-kok)出世 (chhut-sì)的 (ê)理論 (lí-lūn)物理學家 (bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka)。伊 (I)上 (siāng)出名的 (chhut-miâ--ê)是伊提出 (thê-chhut)的相對性 (siong-tùi-sèng)理論，特別 (te̍k-pia̍t)是質量 (chit-liōng)/能源 (lêng-goân)的對應 (tùi-èng) $E=mc^{2}$。伊提 (the̍h)着 (tio̍h)1921年 (nî)的Nobel物理學 (Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k)獎 (Chióng)。

參考 (Tsham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)

• Calaprice, Alice (2000). The Expanded Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press. 
• Calaprice, Alice (2005). The New Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press. goân-loē-iông tī 22 June 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 
• Calaprice, Alice; Lipscombe, Trevor (2005). Albert Einstein: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33080-3. 
• Calaprice, Alice (2010). The Ultimate Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3596-6. 
• Calaprice, Alice; Kennefick, Daniel; Schulmann, Robert (2015). An Einstein Encyclopedia. Princeton University Press. Bibcode:2016eien.bo͘k.....C . 
• Chaplin, Charles (1964). Charles Chaplin: My Autobiography. New York: Simon and Schuster. 
• Clark, Ronald W。 (1971). Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-44123-5. 
• Fölsing, Albrecht (1997). Albert Einstein. Translated by Osers, Ewald. Abridged by Ewald Osers. New York: Penguin Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-85545-2. 
• Fine, Arthur (2017). "The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab， Stanford University. 
• Galison, Peter (Winter 2000). "Einstein's Clocks: The Question of Time". Critical Inquiry. 26 (2): 355–389. doi:10.1086/448970. JSTOR 1344127. 
• Glick, Thomas F。, pian. (1987). The Comparative Reception of Relativity. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-277-2498-4. 
• Highfield, Roger; Carter, Paul (1993). The Private Lives of Albert Einstein. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-17170-5. 
• Hoffmann, Banesh (1972). Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel. Collaboration with Helen Dukas. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-11181-7. 
• Holton, Gerald (April 1984). "The migration of physicists都the United States". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science. 40 (4): 18–24. Bibcode:1984BuAtS..40d..18H. doi:10.1080/00963402.1984.11459207. 
• Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His Life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0. 
• Isaacson, Walter (2008). Einstein: His Life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84739-589-4. 
• Neffe, Jürgen (2007). Einstein: A Biography. Translated by Frisch, Shelley. Farrar， Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-14664-1. 
• Pais, Abraham (1982). Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-853907-0. 
• Pais, Abraham (1994). Einstein Lived Here. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280672-7. 
• Penrose, Roger (2007). The Road to Reality. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-77631-4. 
• Robeson, Paul (2002). Paul Robeson Speaks. Citadel. p. 333. 
• Rowe, David E。; Schulmann, Robert, pian. (2007). Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism， Zionism， War， Peace， and the Bomb. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12094-2. 
• Rowe, David E。; Schulmann, Robert, pian. (2013). Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism， Zionism， War， Peace， and the Bomb. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4828-7. 
• Scheideler, Britta (2002). "The Scientist as Moral Authority: Albert Einstein between Elitism and Democracy， 1914–1933". Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 32 (2): 319–346. doi:10.1525/hsps.2002.32.2.319. JSTOR 10.1525/hsps.2002.32.2.319. 
• Stachel, John J。 (1966). Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić (PDF). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 7 March 2008 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 May 2016 khòaⁿ--ê. 
• Stachel, John J。 (2002). Einstein from 'B' to 'Z'. Einstein Studies. 9. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-4143-6. OCLC 237532460. 
• Weinstein, G. (2015). General Relativity Conflict and Rivalries: Einstein's Polemics with Physicists. Newcastle upon Tyne (UK): Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-8362-7. 

Ên伸 (sin)閱獨 (ua̍t-to̍k)

• Brian, Denis (1996). Einstein: A Life. New York: John Wiley. 
• Gordin, Michael D。 (2020). Einstein in Bohemia (ēng Eng-gí). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17737-3. 
• Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (1922). "Einstein， Albert". Chū Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica (12th pán.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 
• Moring, Gary (2004). The complete idiot's guide to understanding Einstein (1st pán.). Indianapolis， Indiana: Alpha books (Macmillan). ISBN 978-0-02-863180-6. idiot's guide to Einstein。 
• Oppenheimer, J。 Robert (1971). Lecture delivered at the UNESCO House in Paris on 13 December 1965. "On Albert Einstein". Science and Synthesis: An International Colloquium Organized by Unesco on the Tenth Anniversary of the Death of Albert Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin: 8–12， 208. ， or "On Albert Einstein by Robert Oppenheimer". The New York Review of Books. 17 March 1966. 
• Parker, Barry (2000). Einstein's Brainchild: Relativity Made Relatively Easy!. Illustrated by Lori Scoffield-Beer. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-522-1. 
• Rogers, Donald W。 (2005). Einstein's "Other" Theory: The Planck-Bose-Einstein Theory of Heat Capacity. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11826-0. 
• Schweber, Silvan S。 (2008). Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02828-9. 
• Stone, A。 Douglas (2013). Einstein and the Quantum. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13968-5. 
• Weinberg, Steven (2005). "Einstein's mistakes". Physics Today. 58 (11): 31–35. Bibcode:2005PhT....58k..31W. doi:10.1063/1.2155755. 

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)

• Albert Einstein 咧DMOZ類別:扎著Curlie連結的文章
• Einstein tī Project Gutenberg ê chok-phín
• Albert Einstein tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín
• Works by Albert Einstein at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Einstein's Personal Correspondence: Religion，Politics，TheHolocaust，and Philosophy Shapell Manuscript Foundation
• Federal Bureau of Investigation fileonAlbert Einstein
• Einstein and his love of music，Physics World
• including the Nobel Lecture 11 July 1923 Fundamental ideas and problems of the theory of relativity
• Albert Einstein Archives Online (80,000+ Documents) Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine.(MSNBC，19 March 2012)
• Einstein's declaration of intention for American citizenshipon theWorld Digital Library
• Albert Einstein CollectionatBrandeis University
• TheCollected Papers of Albert Einstein "Digital Einstein" atPrinceton University
• Newspaper clippings about Albert Einstein in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
• Home page of Albert EinsteinatTheInstitute for Advanced Study
• Albert – TheDigital Repository oftheIAS， which contains many digitized original documents and photographs