English: Copy of first entry in the Qieyun rhyme dictionary, describing the character 東 dōng "east". The three characters on the right are a fanqie pronunciation key, indicating that the word is pronounced with the initial of 德 [tək] and the final of 紅 [ɣuŋ], i.e. [tuŋ], with the character 反 fǎn "turn back" marking this as a fanqie formula. The word is glossed as 木方 mù fāng, i.e. the direction of wood (one of the Five Elements), while the numeral 二 "two" indicates that this is the first of two entries with the same pronunciation.

• Ramsey, S. Robert (1988), The languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5, p, 116.