ISO 15919
ISO 15919 (Huān-bûn hām siong-kuan ê Bhārat (
介術 [修改]
ISO | 7-bit ISO |
Devanagari | Bengali–Assamese | Gujarati | Gurmukhi | Kannada | Malayalam | Nastaliq | Odia | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | अ | অ | અ | ਅ | ಅ | അ | اَ | ଅ | අ | அ | అ |
也 | aa | आ | আ | આ | ਆ | ಆ | ആ | آ | ଆ | ආ | ஆ | ఆ |
æ | ae | ඇ | ||||||||||
ǣ | aee | ඈ | ||||||||||
伊 | 伊 | इ | ই | ઇ | ਇ | ಇ | ഇ | اِ | ଇ | ඉ | இ | ఇ |
預 | ii | ई | ঈ | ઈ | ਈ | ಈ | ഈ | اِی | ଈ | ඊ | ஈ | ఈ |
u | u | उ | উ | ઉ | ਉ | ಉ | ഉ | اُ | ଉ | උ | உ | ఉ |
有 | uu | ऊ | ঊ | ઊ | ਊ | ಊ | ഊ | اُو | ଊ | ඌ | ஊ | ఊ |
ŭ | ^u | ् | ് | |||||||||
r̥ | ,r | ऋ | ঋ | ઋ | ಋ | ഋ | ଋ | ඍ | ఋ | |||
r̥̄ | ,rr | ॠ | ৠ | ૠ | ೠ | ൠ | ୠ | ඎ | ౠ | |||
l̥ | ,l | ऌ | ঌ | ઌ | ಌ | ഌ | ଌ | ඏ | ఌ | |||
l̥̄ | ,ll | ॡ | ৡ | ૡ | ೡ | ൡ | ୡ | ඐ | ౡ | |||
e | e | ऎ | ಎ | എ | එ | எ | ఎ | |||||
會 | ee | ए | এ | એ | ਏ | ಏ | ഏ | اے | ଏ | ඒ | ஏ | ఏ |
的 | ^e | ॲ,ऍ | ઍ | |||||||||
埃 | 埃 | ऐ | ঐ | ઐ | ਐ | ಐ | ഐ | اَے | ଐ | ඓ | ஐ | ఐ |
o | o | ऒ | ಒ | ഒ | ඔ | ஒ | ఒ | |||||
嗬 | 烏 | ओ | ও | ઓ | ਓ | ಓ | ഓ | او | ଓ | ඕ | ஓ | ఓ |
蚵 | ^o | ऑ | ઑ | |||||||||
au | au | औ | ঔ | ઔ | ਔ | ಔ | ഔ | اَو | ଔ | ඖ | ஔ | ఔ |
ṁ | ;m | ं | ং | ં | ਂ | ಂ | ം | ں | ଂ | ං | ஂ | ం |
ṃ | .m | ੰ | ||||||||||
m̐ | ~m | ँ | ঁ | ઁ | ਁ | ں | ଁ | ఀ | ||||
n̆ | ^n | ఁ | ||||||||||
ḥ | .h | ः | ঃ | ઃ | ਃ | ಃ | ഃ | ہ | ଃ | ඃ | ః | |
ẖ | _h | ᳵ | ೱ | |||||||||
ḫ | ^h | ᳶ | ೲ | |||||||||
ḵ | _k | ஃ | ||||||||||
k | k | क | ক | ક | ਕ | ಕ | ക | ک | କ | ක | க | క |
kh | kh | ख | খ | ખ | ਖ | ಖ | ഖ | کھ | ଖ | ඛ | ఖ | |
g | g | ग | গ | ગ | ਗ | ಗ | ഗ | گ | ଗ | ග | గ | |
gh | gh | घ | ঘ | ઘ | ਘ | ಘ | ഘ | گھ | ଘ | ඝ | ఘ | |
ṅ | ;n | ङ | ঙ | ઙ | ਙ | ಙ | ങ | ن٘ | ଙ | ඞ | ங | ఙ |
n̆g | ^央 | ඟ | ||||||||||
c | c | च | চ | ચ | ਚ | ಚ | ച | چ | ଚ | ච | ச | చ |
ĉ | ^c | ౘ | ||||||||||
ch | ch | छ | ছ | છ | ਛ | ಛ | ഛ | چھ | ଛ | ඡ | ఛ | |
j | j | ज | জ | જ | ਜ | ಜ | ജ | ج | ଜ | ජ | ஜ | జ |
jh | jh | झ | ঝ | ઝ | ਝ | ಝ | ഝ | جھ | ଝ | ඣ | ఝ | |
ñ | ~n | ञ | ঞ | ઞ | ਞ | ಞ | ഞ | ڃ | ଞ | ඤ | ஞ | ఞ |
n̆j | ^nj | ඦ | ||||||||||
ṭ | .t | ट | ট | ટ | ਟ | ಟ | ട | ٹ | ଟ | ට | ட | ట |
ṭh | .th | ठ | ঠ | ઠ | ਠ | ಠ | ഠ | ٹھ | ଠ | ඨ | ఠ | |
ḍ | .d | ड | ড | ડ | ਡ | ಡ | ഡ | ڈ | ଡ | ඩ | డ | |
ḍh | .dh | ढ | ঢ | ઢ | ਢ | ಢ | ഢ | ڈھ | ଢ | ඪ | ఢ | |
ṛ | .r | ड़ | ড় | ੜ | ڑ | ଡ଼ | ||||||
ṛh | .rh | ढ़ | ঢ় | ڑھ | ଢ଼ | |||||||
ṇ | .n | ण | ণ | ણ | ਣ | ಣ | ണ | ݨ | ଣ | ණ | ண | ణ |
n̆ḍ | ^n.d | ඬ | ||||||||||
t | t | त | ত | ત | ਤ | ತ | ത | ت | ତ | ත | த | త |
th | th | थ | থ | થ | ਥ | ಥ | ഥ | تھ | ଥ | ථ | థ | |
d | d | द | দ | દ | ਦ | ದ | ദ | د | ଦ | ද | ద | |
dh | dh | ध | ধ | ધ | ਧ | ಧ | ധ | دھ | ଧ | ධ | ధ | |
n | n | न | ন | ન | ਨ | ನ | ന | ن | ନ | න | ந | న |
n̆d | ^nd | ඳ | ||||||||||
p | p | प | প | પ | ਪ | ಪ | പ | پ | ପ | ප | ப | ప |
ph | ph | फ | ফ | ફ | ਫ | ಫ | ഫ | پھ | ଫ | ඵ | ఫ | |
b | b | ब | ব | બ | ਬ | ಬ | ബ | ب | ବ | බ | బ | |
bh | bh | भ | ভ | ભ | ਭ | ಭ | ഭ | بھ | ଭ | භ | భ | |
m | m | म | ম | મ | ਮ | ಮ | മ | م | ମ | ම | ம | మ |
m̆b | ^mb | ඹ | ||||||||||
ṟ | _r | ऱ | ಱ | റ | ற | ఱ | ||||||
ṯ | _t | ഺ | ||||||||||
ṉ | _n | ऩ | ഩ | ன | ||||||||
ḻ | _l | ऴ | ೞ | ഴ | ழ | ఴ | ||||||
y | y | य | য | ય | ਯ | ಯ | യ | ی | ଯ | ය | ய | య |
ẏ | ;y | य़ | য় | ୟ | ||||||||
r | r | र | র,ৰ | ર | ਰ | ರ | ര | ر | ର | ර | ர | ర |
r̆ | ^r | र् | ||||||||||
l | l | ल | ল | લ | ਲ | ಲ | ല | ل | ଲ | ල | ல | ల |
ḷ | .l | ळ | ળ | ਲ਼ | ಳ | ള | ଳ | ළ | ள | ళ | ||
v | v | व | ৱ | વ | ਵ | ವ | വ | و | ଵ | ව | வ | వ |
ś | ;s | श | শ | શ | ਸ਼ | ಶ | ശ | ش | ଶ | ශ | ஶ | శ |
ṣ | .s | ष | ষ | ષ | ಷ | ഷ | ଷ | ෂ | ஷ | ష | ||
s | s | स | স | સ | ਸ | ಸ | സ | س | ସ | ස | ஸ | స |
h | h | ह | হ | હ | ਹ | ಹ | ഹ | ہ | ହ | හ | ஹ | హ |
ʼ | ' | ऽ | ঽ | ઽ | ಽ | ഽ | ଽ | ఽ | ||||
q | q | क़ | ক় | ક઼ | ਕ਼ | ق | ||||||
k͟h | _kh | ख़ | খ় | ખ઼ | ਖ਼ | خ | ||||||
ġ | .g | ग़ | গ় | ગ઼ | ਗ਼ | غ | ||||||
z | z | ज़ | জ় | જ઼ | ਜ਼ | ಜ಼ | ز | ౙ | ||||
f | f | फ़ | ফ় | ફ઼ | ਫ਼ | ಫ಼ | ف | ෆ | ||||
s̱ | _s | थ़ | ث | |||||||||
s̤ | ,s | स़ | ص | |||||||||
h̤ | ,h | ह़ | ح | |||||||||
t̤ | ,t | त़ | ط | |||||||||
ʻ | . | ع | ||||||||||
w | w | و | ୱ | |||||||||
ž | ^z | झ़ | ژ | |||||||||
ẕ | _z | ذ | ||||||||||
ż | ;z | ض | ||||||||||
ẓ | .z | ظ |
佮 其他 系統 的關係 [修改]
ISO 15919是
ALA-LC latin化
佮 Pang-bô͘:Ill和 Pang-bô͘:Ill的比較 [修改]
Devanagari | ISO 15919 | IAST | UNRSGN | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ए / े | 會 | e | e | To distinguish between long and short 'e' |
ओ / ो | 嗬 | o | o | To distinguish between long and short 'o' 怹Dravidian languages, 'o' now represents ऒ / ॊ (short)。 Note that the use of 嗬is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using ofor ओ (long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short o。 |
ऋ / ृ | r̥ | ṛ | ṛ | In ISO 15919, ṛ is used to represent ड़。 |
ॠ / ॄ | r̥̄ | ṝ | ṝ | For consistency with r̥ |
ऌ / ॢ | l̥ | ḷ | l̤ | In ISO 15919, ḷ is used to represent ळ。 |
ॡ / ॣ | l̥̄ | ḹ | l̤̄ | For consistency with l̥ |
◌ं | ṁ | ṃ | ṁ | ISO 15919 has two options about anusvāra。 (1) 怹the simplified nasalization option, an anusvāra is always transliterated as ṁ。(2) 怹the strict nasalization option, anusvāra before a class consonant is transliterated as the class nasal—ṅ before k, kh, g, gh, ṅ; ñ before c, ch, j, jh, ñ; ṇ before ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ; n before t, th, d, dh, n; mbefore p, ph, b, bh, m. ṃ is sometimes used to specifically represent theGurmukhi tippi ੰ。 |
ṅ ñ ṇ n m | ||||
◌ँ | m̐ | m̐ | Vowel nasalization is transliterated as a tilde above the transliterated vowel (over the second vowel in the case of a digraph such as aĩ, aũ), except in Sanskrit。 |
字體 支持 [修改]
ISO 15919个
註解 [修改]
- ↑ United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2007), Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names, United Nations Publications, 2007, ISBN 978-92-1-161500-5,
..。 ISO 15919 ..。 There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products ..。 The Hunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India ...
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1955), United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, Volume 2, United Nations, 1955,
..。怹India the Hunterian system is used, whereby every sound in the local language is uniformly represented by a certain letter in the Roman alphabet ...
- ↑ National Library (India) (1960), Indian scientific & technical publications, exhibition 1960: a bibliography, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Government of India, 1960,
..。 The Hunterian system of transliteration, which has international acceptance, has been used ...
- ↑ "UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems". www.eki.ee. 2017-02-14 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Differences between ISO 15919 and UNRSGN". Working group on Romanization systems。 www.eki.ee/wgrs/. March 2016. 13 February 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
參閱 [修改]
- National Library at Kolkata romanisation
- International Alphabet of Sanskrit
- Transliteration (IAST)
外部 連結 [修改]
- ISO 15919:2001
- Transliteration of Indic scripts: howtouse ISO 15919 (archived 18 April 2016)
- Unicode。org CLDR chart of Latin-Indic transliteration
- Aksharamukha Asian Script Converter Transliterates between about 20 Asian scripts and several romanization standards including ISO 15919
- Any indic languagetoanother indic language Transliteration – SILPA project (archived 22 February 2010)
- Indian Languages Transliteration – Basic Transliteration for users and programmers。
- Transliteration standard for Hindi,Marathi & Nepali
- iso15919。py – An implementation of the Devanāgarī part of ISO 15919怹Python (archived 23 January 2010)
- Devanagari,Sinhala,Tamil and ISO 15919 transliteration service (archived 29 July 2010)
- DevanāgarītoISO 15919 (IAST) converter Online tool for converting Devanagari to IAST (archived 15 July 2011)