Bu̍t-hāu ha̍k
跳至導覽
跳至搜尋
註解 [修改]
- ↑ Monahan, William B.; Rosemartin, Alyssa; Gerst, Katharine L.; Fisichelli, Nicholas A.; Ault, Toby; Schwartz, Mark D.; Gross, John E.; Weltzin, Jake F. (2016). "Climate change is advancing spring onset across the U.S. National park system". Ecosphere. 7 (10): e01465. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1465.
- ↑ "Phenology". Merriam-Webster. 2020.
- ↑
Meier， Nicole (2007). "Grape Harvest Records as a Proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions" (PDF). Diplomarbeit der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern (Thesis of Philosophy and Science Faculty of the University of Bern). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2008-12-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-12-25 khòaⁿ--ê.
Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability。
- ↑ Meier， N。; Rutishauser， T。; Luterbacher， J。; Pfister， C。; Wanner， H。 (2007). "Grape Harvest Dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions back to AD 1480". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (20): L20705. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3420705M. doi:10.1029/2007GL031381. goân-loē-iông tī 2012-09-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2009-04-28 khòaⁿ--ê.
Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability。
- ↑ Menzel， A。; Sparks， T.H。; Estrella， N。; Koch， E。; Aasa， A。; Ahas， R。; Alm-kübler， K。; Bissolli， P。; Braslavská， O。; Briede， A。; et al. (2006). "European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern". Global Change Biology. 12 (10): 1969–1976. Bibcode:2006GCBio..12.1969M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x.
One of the preferred indicators is phenology， the science of natural recurring events， as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes。
- ↑ Schwartz， M。 D。; Ahas， R。; Aasa， A。 (2006). "Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere". Global Change Biology. 12 (2): 343–351. Bibcode:2006GCBio..12..343S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x.
SI first leaf dates， measuring change in the start of ‘early spring’ (roughly the time of shrub budburst and lawn first greening)， are getting earlier in nearly all parts of the Northern Hemisphere。 The average rate of change over the 1955–2002 period is approximately -1.2 days per decade。
參考 文獻[修改]
- Demarée, Gaston R; Rutishauser, This (2011). "From "Periodical Observations" to "Anthochronology" and "Phenology" – the scientific debate between Adolphe Quetelet and Charles Morren on the origin of the word "Phenology"" (PDF). International Journal of Biometeorology. 55 (6): 753–761. Bibcode:2011IJBm...55..753D. doi:10.1007/s00484-011-0442-5. PMID 21713602. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2020-12-04 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-11-20 khòaⁿ--ê.
參閱 [修改]
- Citizen science
- Nature Detectives
- Season creep
- Growing degree-day
- Biological life cycle
外部 連迦 [修改]
- North American Bird Phenology Program Citizen science program to digitize bird phenology records
- Project Budburst Citizen Science for Plant Phenology in the USA
- USA National Phenology Network Citizen science and research network observations on phenology in the USA
- AMC's Mountain Watch Citizen science and phenology monitoring in the Appalachian mountains
班 European Phenology ProjectPEP725 European open access database with plant phenology data sets for science， research and education- UKNature's CalendarUK Phenology network
- DWD phenology website Information on the plant phenological network operated by Germany's national meteorological service (DWD)
- Nature's Calendar Ireland Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine.Spring Watch & Autumn Watch
- Naturewatch: ACanadian Phenology project
- Spring Alive Project Phenological survey on birds for children
- Moj Popek Citizen Science for Plant Phenology in Slovenia
- Observatoire des Saisons French Phenology network
- Phenology Video produced by Wisconsin Public Television
- Austrian phenological network run by ZAMG