Mu'tazilah

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Mu'tazilah (阿拉伯語: المعتزلة‎; 英語: Mu'tazila) ()it-ê I-su-lân thoân-thé, chhut-hiān chāi chá-kî ê I-su-lân le̍k-sú siōng, í chāi tē-3 khalifah Uthman kòe-sin āu chāi Ali ú tha ê tùi-chhiú chi-kan ê cheng-toan tsiong pó-chhî tiong-li̍p jî bûn-bêng。 Tò kong-goân 10-sè-kí, kai術語 (su̍t-gí)iā khai-sí chí-tē chāi Basra hām Baghdad (8-sè-kí (chì)10-sè-kí) 篷勃 (phông-pu̍t)發展 (hoat-tián) (ê)伊斯蘭 (I-su-lân) (si)piân神學 (sîn-ha̍k)學派 (ha̍k-phài)[1][2][3]

七个 (Chhit-ê)伊斯蘭傳體 (thoân-thé)是Wasil ibn Ata創立 (chhòng-li̍p)的, (chāi) (tha)自紀 (chū-kí)認為 (jīn-ûi) (āu),他的老師 (lāu-su)Hasan al-Basri (suat) "Wasil (chiong)自己 (chū-kí) (ú)偶文 (ngó͘--bûn)隔離開來 (keh-lī-khui-lâi) " (阿拉伯語: اعتزل واصل عنا‎)。[4] [5]

Mu'tazilah原則 (goân-chek)如下 (jû-hā): [6] [7]

  • At-Tauhid (認主學 (jīn-chú-ha̍k)): 拒絕 (Kū-choa̍t)Allah本質 (pún-chit)的Maa' (ni) (Qudrat, iradat, ilmun, hayyun, sama', basar, kalam)。
  • Al-Adlu (正義 (chèng-gī)): 相信 (Siong-sìn) (jîn) (tùi)自己的行為 (hêng-ûi)完全 (oân-choân)負則 (hū-chek)無論 (bô-lūn) ()bái, (put) (siū)Allah的決定 (koat-tēng)
  • Al-Wa'du al-Wa'id (承諾 (sêng-lo̍k)夯黑 (háng-hek)): 相信Allah必須 (pit-su) (siúⁿ)sìr順從 (sūn-chiông) (chiá),夯黑不道德者 (put-tō-tek-chía)
  • Al-Manzilah Bainal Manzilatain (兩代 (nn̄g-tē)之間 (chi-kan)所在 (só͘-chāi)): 相信一个 (it-ê) (tāi)chǒe人次於 (chhù-û)信道 (sìn-tō) (hām)不信道 (put-sìn-tō)位置 (ūi-tì) (pēng) (lâu)地樂 (tē-ga̍k) ( (chòe) (khin)懲罰 (têng-hoa̍t))。
  • Al-Amru Bil Makruf Walnahyu Anil Munkar (券善程 (khoàn-siān-têng)oh): 商信 (Siong-sìn) (chāi)任何 (jīm-hô)情況 (chêng-hóng) ()to̍筆書 (pit-su)勸善程 (khoàn-siān-têng)oh。

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

參考 (Tsham-khó)資料 (tsu-liāu)[修改]

  • 'Abd al-Jabbar (1965). 'Abd al-Karim 'Uthman, pian. Sharh al-Usul al-Khamsa (ēng Arabic). Cairo: Maktabat Wahba. 
  • Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521570778. 10 May 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  • Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (1969). M. M. 'Abd al-Hamid, pian. Maqalat al-Islamiyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin (ēng Arabic). Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Misriyah. 
  • Cooperson, Michael (2005). Al馬'mun (Makers of the Muslim World). Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-386-0. 
  • Craig, W。 L. (2000). The Kalam Cosmological Argument. USA: Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN 1-57910-438-X. 
  • Ess, J。 V. (2006). The Flowering of Muslim Theology. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02208-4. 
  • Gimaret, D. (1979). "Les Usul al-Hamsa du Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar et leurs commentaires". Annales Islamologiques. 15: 47–96. 
  • Jackson, S。 A. (2002). On the Boundaries of Theological Tolerance in Islam: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's Faysal al-Tafriqa. Studies in Islamic Philosophy, V.1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-579791-4. 
  • Jackson, S。 A. (2005). Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Toward the Third Resurrection. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-518081-X. 
  • Martin, R。 C.; M。 R。 Woodward; D。 S。 Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. 28 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  • Nawas, J。 A. (1994). "A Rexamination of Three Current Explanations for al馬'mun's Introduction of the Mihna". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 26 (4): 615–629. doi:10.1017/S0020743800061134. 
  • Nawas, J。 A. (1996). "The Mihna of 218 A.H./833 A。 D。 Revisited: An Empirical Study". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (4): 698–708. doi:10.2307/605440. JSTOR 605440. 
  • Walzer, R. (1967). "Early Islamic Philosophy". Chū A。 H。 Armstrong. The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04054-X. 
  • Aqeedah 11, An Exposition of Some Schools, Movements and Sects of Islam. West Coast Demarara, Guyana: Guyana Islamic Institute. 16 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 

外部 (Guā-pōo)lên-ket[修改]