Muammar al-Qadafi
跳至導覽
跳至搜尋
| Colonel Muammar al-Qadafi | |
|---|---|
| معمر القذافي | |
.jpg) Gaddafi， pictured shortly after his seizure of power， on a visit toYugoslavia怹1970 | |
| Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya | |
|
Jīm-kî 2 March 1979 – 20 October 2011[lower-alpha 1] | |
| 總統 | |
| 首相 | |
| 前任 | Position established |
| 繼任 | Position abolished |
| Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya | |
|
Jīm-kî 1 September 1969 – 2 March 1977 | |
| 首相 | |
| 前任 | Idris伊 (As Keng of Libya) |
| 繼任 | Himself (As Secretary General of the GPC) |
| Secretary General of the General People's Congress | |
|
Jīm-kî 2 March 1977 – 2 March 1979 | |
| 首相 | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi |
| 前任 | Himself (As Chairman of the RCC) |
| 繼任 | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi |
| Prime Minister of Libya | |
|
Jīm-kî 16 January 1970 – 16 July 1972 | |
| 前任 | Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi |
| 繼任 | Abdessalam Jalloud |
| Chairperson of the African Union | |
|
Jīm-kî 2 February 2009 – 31 January 2010 | |
| 前任 | Jakaya Kikwete |
| 繼任 | Bingu wa Mutharika |
| 個人資訊 | |
| 出世 |
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi c. 1942 Qasr Abu Hadi，Sirte，Italian Libya |
| 過身 |
2011 年 10 月 20 日 (Lua 錯誤 於第80行的package.lua中：module 'Module:Date' not found。歲) Sirte，Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (now Libya) |
| 夢 | 怹an unknown location in theLibyan Desert |
| 國籍 | Libyan |
| 政黨 |
Arab Socialist Union (1971–1977) Independent (1977–2011) |
| 配偶 |
|
| 囝而 |
10 |
| 帶 | Bab al-Azizia |
| 母校 | |
| 簽名 |
 |
| 部隊服役 | |
| 效忠 |
|
| 服役/分支 | Libyan Army |
| 服役時間 | 1961–2011 |
| 軍銜 | Colonel |
| 司令部 | Libyan Armed Forces |
| 參家戰鬥 | |
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (1942
注色 [修改]
- ↑ For purposes of this article, 20 October 2011—the date on which Gaddafi died[1]—is considered都be the date彼left office。 Other dates might have been chosen:
- On 15 July 2011， at a meeting in Istanbul， more than 30 governments， including the United States， withdrew recognition from Gaddafi's government and recognized the National Transitional Council (NTC) as the legitimate government of Libya。[2]
- On 23 August 2011， during theBattle of Tripoli， Gaddafi lost effective political and military control of Tripoli after his compound was captured by rebel forces.[3]
- On 25 August 2011， theArab League proclaimed the anti-Gaddafi National Transitional Council都be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state".[4]
- On 16 September 2011， theUnited Nations General Assembly殺the representatives of theNational Transitional Council as Libya's official delegation.[5]
註解 [修改]
- ↑ "Muammar Gaddafi: How彼Died". BBC News. 31 October 2011. goân-loē-iông tī 24 March 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 October 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Vela, Justin (16 July 2011). "West Prepares to Hand Rebels Gaddafi's Billions". The Independent. London. goân-loē-iông tī 12 May 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 16 July 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Staff (23 August 2011)。"Tuesday，23 August 2011 – 16:19"。Libya Live Blog。Al Jazeera。 Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ↑ "Arab League Gives Its Full Backing to Libya's Rebel Council". The Taipei Times. 26 August 2011. goân-loē-iông tī 3 March 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 1 September 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "After Much Wrangling, General Assembly Seats National Transitional Council of Libya as Country's Representative for Sixty-Sixth Session". United Nations. 16 September 2011. 20 October 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.
參考 文 hèn[修改]
- Bearman, Jonathan (1986). Qadhafi's Libya. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-0-86232-434-6.
- Bianco, Mirella (1975). Gadafi: Voice from the Desert. Translated by Lyle, Margaret. London: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-78062-0.
- Blundy, David; Lycett, Andrew (1987). Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-10042-7.
- Boyd-Judson, Lyn (2005). "Strategic Moral Diplomacy: Mandela， Qaddafi， and the Lockerbie Negotiations". Foreign Policy Analysis. 1: 73–97. doi:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00004.x.
- Castro, Jose Esteban (2011). "Gaddafi and Latin America". Soc. 48 (4): 307–311. doi:10.1007/s12115-011-9442-7.
- Cojean, Annick (2013). Gaddafi's Harem: The Story of a Young Woman and the Abuses of Power in Libya. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-1-611-85610-1.
- Davis, J。 (1982). "Qaddafi's Theory and Practice of Non-Representative Government". Government and Opposition. 17 (1): 61–79. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1982.tb00679.x. JSTOR 44483404.
- El-Khawas, Mohamed (1984). "The New Society in Qaddafi's Libya: Can It Endure?". Africa Today. 31 (3): 17–44. JSTOR 4186243.
- First, Ruth (1974). Libya: The Elusive Revolution. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-041040-2.
- Gardell, Matthias (2003). Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822330714.
- Hajjar, Sami G. (1982). "The Marxist Origins of Qadhafi's Economic Thought". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 20 (3): 361–375. doi:10.1017/s0022278x00056871. JSTOR 160522.
- Harris, Lillian Craig (1986). Libya: Qadhafi's Revolution and the Modern State. Boulder， Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-0075-7.
- Haynes, Jeff (1990). "Libyan Involvement in West Africa: Qadhaffi's 'Revolutionary' Foreign Policy". Paradigms. 4 (1): 58–73. doi:10.1080/13600829008442987.
- Hinnebusch, Raymond A. (1984). "Charisma， Revolution， and State Formation: Qaddafi and Libya". Third World Quarterly. 6 (1): 59–73. doi:10.1080/01436598408419755.
- Human Rights Watch (2012). Death of a Dictator: Bloody Vengeance in Sirte. ISBN 978-1-56432-952-3.
- Kamel, Amir M. (2016). "Trade and Peace: The EU and Gaddafi's Final Decade" (PDF). International Affairs. 92 (3): 683–702. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12602.
- Karniel, Yuval; Lavie-Dinur, Amit; Azran, Tal (2015). "Broadcast Coverage of Gaddafi's Final Hours in Images and Headlines: A Brutal Lynch or the Desired Death of a Terrorist?". The International Communication Gazette. 77 (2): 171–188. doi:10.1177/1748048514562686.
- Kawczynski, Daniel (2011). Seeking Gaddafi: Libya， the West and the Arab Spring. London: Biteback. ISBN 978-1-84954-148-0.
- Martin, Guy (2002). Africa in World Politics: A班African Perspective. Trenton， NJ: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-865-43858-3.
- Pargeter, Alice (2012). Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13932-7.
- Ronen, Yehudit (1986). "Libya". Chū Shaked, Haim; Dishon, Daniel. Middle East Contemporary Survey。 Volume VIII: 1983–84. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. pp. 578–603. ISBN 978-965-224-006-4.
- Ramutsindela, Maano (2009). "Gaddafi， Continentalism and Sovereignty in Africa". South African Geographical Journal. 91 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1080/03736245.2009.9725324.
- Sacerdoti, Giorgio; Acconci, Pia (2011). "The Security Council's Asset Freeze against Gaddafi's Libya and its Implementation in Libya". The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online. 21 (1): 61–84. doi:10.1163/22116133-90000210.
- Simons, Geoff (1996). Libya: The Struggle for Survival (second pán.). Houndmills and London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-23038-011-0.
- Simons, Geoff (2003). Libya and the West: From Independence to Lockerbie. Oxford: Centre for Libyan Studies. ISBN 978-1-86064-988-2.
- St。 John, Ronald Bruce (1983). "The Ideology of Muammar al-Qadhdhafi: Theory and Practice". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 15 (4): 471–490. doi:10.1017/S0020743800051394. JSTOR 163557.
- St。 John, Ronald Bruce (1987). Qaddafi's World Design: Libyan Foreign Policy， 1969–1987. London: Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-161-0.
- St。 John, Ronald Bruce (2008). "Redefining the Libyan Revolution: The Changing Ideology of Muammar al-Qaddafi". The Journal of North African Studies. 13 (1): 91–106. doi:10.1080/13629380701742819.
- St。 John, Ronald Bruce (2012). Libya: From Colony to Revolution (rev. pán.). Oxford: Oneworld. ISBN 978-1-85168-919-4.
- Sykes, Alan (2005). The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism都the BNP. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333599242.
- Tandon, Yash (2011). "Whose Dictator Is Qaddafi? The Empire and Its Neo-Colonies". Insight on Africa. 3 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1177/0975087814411129.
- Vandewalle, Dirk (2006). A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61554-9.
- Vandewalle, Dirk (2008a). "From International Reconciliation to Civil War: 2003–2011". Chū Vandewalle, Dirk. Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke， England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 215–237. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-61386-7_10. ISBN 978-0-230-33750-3.
- Vandewalle, Dirk (2008b). "Libya's Revolution in Perspective: 1969–2000". Chū Vandewalle, Dirk. Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke， England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 9–53. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-61386-7_2. ISBN 978-0-230-33750-3.
- Zoubir, Yahia H. (2009). "Libya and Europe: Economic Realism at the Rescue of the Qaddafi Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Contemporary European Studies. 17 (3): 401–415. doi:10.1080/14782800903339354.
Ên伸 閱獨 [修改]
- Cooley, John K。 (1983). Libyan Sandstorm. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-98944-5.
- Davis, Brian Lee (1990). Qaddafi， Terrorism， and the Origins of the U.S。 Attack on Libya. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-93302-4.
- El-Khawas, Mohamad A。 (1986). Qaddafi: His Ideology in Theory and Practice. Amana. ISBN 978-0-915597-24-6.
- Forte, Maximilian (2012). Slouching Towards Sirte: NATO's War on Libya and Africa. Baraka Books. ISBN 978-1926824529.
- Hilsum, Lindsey (2012). Sandstorm: Libya in the Time of Revolution. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-28803-8.
- Monti-Belkaoui, Janice; Monti-Belkaoui, Ahmed (1996). Qaddafi: The Man and His Policies. Avebury. ISBN 978-1-85972-385-2.
外部 lên-ket[修改]
- U。S。Policy Towards Qaddafi from theDean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- Muammar al-Qadafi collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- The Muammar Gaddafi story at BBC Online
- {{Guardian topic}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.
- Muammar al-Qadafi collected news and commentary at The New York Times
YouTube等的 2009 UN Security council speech from Al jazeera (English) 的影片
.png){kind=icon}