BM-21 Grad hóe-chìⁿ-phàu
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BM-21 Grad Pang-bô͘:Ill (
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註解 [修改]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Prenatt 2016, p. 30.
- ↑ Zabecki, David T. (May 2011). "Rockets and Rocket Launchers". Chū Tucker, Spencer C. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History (2 pán.). p. 988. ISBN 978-1-85109-960-3.
The most significant [Soviet rocket] was the 9M22M, one of the Katyusha class of 122-mm rockets.
- ↑ Zaloga, Steven J. (2003). Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973都the present. 方公: Concord Publications. p. 4. ISBN 962-361-613-9.
- ↑ Cooper, 丼; Fontanellaz, Adrien (October 2016). "La guerre du Kagera". Batailles et Blindés (ēng Hoat-gí). No. 75. Caraktère. pp. 72–81. ISSN 1765-0828.
- ↑ Isby, David C. (1990). The War in Afghanistan 1979–1989: The Soviet Empire at High Tide. Concord Publications. p. 42. ISBN 978-9623610094.
- ↑ "Sudan - Global trade, local impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan" (PDF). Human Rights Watch Report. 10 (4): 24. August 1998.
- ↑ Singh, Jagjit (2007). "Battle-Winning Role of the Gunners in Kargil War". The Battle-Winning Arm. Lancer Publishers LLC. ISBN 9788176021807.
- ↑ Yemeni fighters have firedatleast 16 Grad missiles into Saudi territories. YouTube (20 July 2015). Retrieved 2017-06-01.
- ↑ Splav 122 mmBM-21 multiple rocket launcher family (Russian Federation)，Multiple rocket launchers, Jane's Armour and Artillery.
- ↑ 122mmBM-21 Grad-series rockets (Russian Federation)，Artillery rockets Archived 23 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine., Jane's Ammunition Handbook
- ↑ Prenatt, Jamie (16 June 2016). Katyusha: Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941 Present. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-4728-1087-8.
參考 文獻 [修改]
- Prenatt, Jamie; Ho͘k, Adam (2016). Katyusha – Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present. New Vanguard 235. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4728-1086-1. (英語)
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. 116. Routledge. ISBN 9781857438352. (英語)
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2020). The Military Balance 2020. 120. Routledge. ISBN 9780367466398. (英語)
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. 121. Routledge. ISBN 9781032012278. (英語)
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (1980). The Military Balance 1980-1981. Routledge. ISBN 0-85368-197-X. (英語)
參閱 [修改]
- International Institute for Strategic Studies
- Soviet–Afghan War
外部 連結 [修改]
- 122 mmMultiple Rocket Launcher (MRL) "GRAD" ontheUral-375 6×6 truck chassis – Walk around photos (英語)
- Globalsecurity。org (英語)
- Enemyforces。com (英語)
- Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
- BM-11atFAS。org (英語)
- RM-70atArmy。cz (英語)
- WR-40 Langustaatkrucjata。org。pl (波語)
- IraqBM-21 (德語)
- Полевая реактивная система М-21 (M-21 Field Rocket System) (英語)
- Легкая переносная реактивная система "Град-П" (Grad-P Light portable rocket system) (英語)
- Shooting battalion (strike multiple rocket launchers) YouTube (英語)
- TheGrad system: Ahothail of cluster-fired rockets (英語)
