Siaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō

Lohankhapedia (自由的百科全書) 欲共你講..。
跳至導覽 跳至搜尋
Rising and falling tones[1]
˩˥ ˧˥ ˨˦ ˩˧ ˩˩˧
˥˩ ˥˧ ˦˨ ˧˩ ˥˥˧
Peaking and dipping tones[1]
˩˥˧ ˧˥˩ ˧˥˧ ˩˧˩
˥˩˧ ˧˩˥ ˥˧˥ ˧˩˧
˨˦˨ ˦˨˦ ˨˩˧꜔꜓꜕
Contour-tone letters are composed as sequences:
˥ ˧ → ˥˧,˧ ˩ ˧ → ˧˩˧
Register tones
˥ ˦ ˧ ˨ ˩
꜒ ꜓ ꜔ ꜕ ꜖
IPA 編號 519–523
Entity (decimal) ˥–˩
編碼
Unicode 卡六進位 U+02E5–U+02E9
Level tones
˥ ˧ ˩
˥ ˩
龍level-tone letters are commonly used for non-checked syllables and short letters for checked syllables， though this is not an IPA distinction。
The tone contours of Mandarin Chinese. In the convention for Chinese, 1 is low and 5 is high. The corresponding tone letters are ˥ ， ˧˥ ， ˨˩˦ ， ˥˩。

聲調 (Siann-tiāu)符號 (hû-hō) (英語 (ing-gú): tone letter; tiāu-hû， gōo-tōo piau-kì huat (five level tone mark); 日語 (ji̍t-gú): 声調記号 (siann-tiāu kì-hō)) 就是 (tio̍h-sī)五度 (gōo-tōo)制 (tsè)調值 (tiāu-ti̍t)標記 (piau-kì)法 (huat)，是 (sī)趙 (Tiō)元任 (Goân-jīm)佇 (tī)1920年代 (nî-tāi)發明 (huat-bîng)的 (ê)一種 (tsi̍t-tsióng)記錄 (kì-lio̍k)語言 (gú-giân)調值的方法 (hong-huat)[2]。調符 (Tiāu-hû)咧 (teh)漢語 (Hàn-gú)方言 (hong-giân)，Pang-bô͘:Ill，以及 (í-ki̍p) Pang-bô͘:Ill的調查 (tiâu-tsa)當中 (tang-tiong)大量 (tāi-liōng)使用 (sú-iōng); 咧其他 (kî-thann)語言的描寫 (biâu-siá)東中 (tang-tiong)猶有 (iah-ū)誠濟 (tsiânn-tsē)影響 (íng-hióng)。

Unicode內底 (lāi-té)的聲調符號[修改]

咧Unicode內底，IPA聲調符號的編碼 (pian-bé)如下 (jû-hā):[3]

標準 (Piau-tsún)棍仔 (kùn-á)行 (hîng)聲調符號
  • U+02E5 ˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR (HTML ˥)
  • U+02E6 ˦ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR (HTML ˦)
  • U+02E7 ˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR (HTML ˧)
  • U+02E8 ˨ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR (HTML ˨)
  • U+02E9 ˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR (HTML ˩)
反行 (Huán-hîng)聲調符號
  • U+A712 ꜒ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜒)
  • U+A713 ꜓ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜓)
  • U+A714 ꜔ MODIFIER LETTER MID LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜔)
  • U+A715 ꜕ MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜕)
  • U+A716 ꜖ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜖)

These are combined in sequence for contour tones。

The dotted tone letters are:

Dotted tone letters
  • U+A708 ꜈ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜈)
  • U+A709 ꜉ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜉)
  • U+A70A ꜊ MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜊)
  • U+A70B ꜋ MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜋)
  • U+A70C ꜌ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜌)
Reversed dotted tone letters
  • U+A70D ꜍ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜍)
  • U+A70E ꜎ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜎)
  • U+A70F ꜏ MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜏)
  • U+A710 ꜐ MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜐)
  • U+A711 ꜑ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜑)

Although not defined specifically as IPA， many of the IPA staveless tone letters (or at least approximations of them， depending on the font) are available in Unicode:

Default or high staveless tone letters
  • U+02C9 ˉ MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (HTML ˉ)
  • U+02CA ˊ MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT (HTML ˊ)
  • U+02CB ˋ MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˋ)
  • U+02C6 ˆ MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (HTML ˆ⧼dot-separator⧽ ˆ)
  • U+02C7 ˇ CARON (HTML ˇ⧼dot-separator⧽ ˇ, ˇ)
  • U+02DC ˜ SMALL TILDE (HTML ˜⧼dot-separator⧽ ˜, ˜)
  • U+02D9 ˙ DOT ABOVE (HTML ˙⧼dot-separator⧽ ˙, ˙)[4]
Mid staveless tone letters
  • U+02D7 ˗ MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN (HTML ˗)
  • U+02F4 ˴ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˴)
  • U+223C ∼ TILDE OPERATOR (HTML ∼⧼dot-separator⧽ ∼, ∼, ∼, ∼)
  • U+223D ∽ REVERSED TILDE (HTML ∽⧼dot-separator⧽ ∽, ∽)
  • U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT (HTML ·⧼dot-separator⧽ ·, ·, ·)
Low staveless tone letters
  • U+02CD ˍ MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON (HTML ˍ)
  • U+02CF ˏ MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT (HTML ˏ)
  • U+02CE ˎ MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˎ)
  • U+A788 ꞈ MODIFIER LETTER LOW CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (HTML ꞈ)
  • U+02EC ˬ MODIFIER LETTER VOICING (HTML ˬ)
  • U+02F7 ˷ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE (HTML ˷)
  • U+2024 ․ ONE DOT LEADER (HTML ․)

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 A great deal more combinations than these are possible。 These examples are only slightly expanded from the limited set of ligatures suggested by Chao for broad phonetic notation， where mid-high and mid-low tones combine only with each other， and level does not combine with rising or falling.
  2. ↑ Chao, Y. R. (1930). "ə sistim əv "toun-letəz"". Le Maître Phonétique. 8 (45) (30): 24–27. ISSN 1016-832X. JSTOR 4470434. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-10-19 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-10-19 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  3. ↑ Unicode chart Spacing Modifying Letters (U+02B0.., pdf)
  4. ↑ Staveless dots for unaccented (reduced) high, mid and low tones, as well as an example of a more complex staveless tone, are found in Yuen Ren Chao (1927) tʃaɪniːz (piˑkɪŋiːz). 絡 (Le)Maître Phonétique,3rd series, vol. 5 (42), no. 20, pp. 45-46

參考 (Tsham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)[修改]

  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1930), "ə sistim əv "toun-letəz"" [A system of "tone-letters"], Le Maître Phonétique, 30: 24–27, JSTOR 44704341 
  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1956), "Tone， intonation， singsong， chanting， recitative， tonal composition and atonal composition in Chinese.", chū Halle, Moris, For Roman Jakobson, The Hague: Mouton, pp. 52–59 
  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1968), A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, Berkeley， CA: University of California Press 
  • 曾, Teresa M. (1973), "The Phonology of Taishan", Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 1 (2): 256–322 
  • Du, 齊Chwun (1988), Tone and Stress in Taiwanese, Aⁿ Arbor， MI: University of Michigan  (Ph.D。 Dissertation)
  • Fon, Janice; Chaing, Wen-Yu (1999), "What does Chao have to say about tones?", Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 27 (1): 13–37 
  • International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge， UK: Cambridge University Press 
  • Vance, Timothy J. (1977), "Tonal distinctions in Cantonese", Phonetica, 34 (2): 93–107, doi:10.1159/000259872, PMID 594156 

參閱 (Tsham-ua̍t)[修改]

  • JSTOR

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

來源: "https://taigi.lohankhapedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siaⁿ-tiāu_hû-hō&oldid=3059340"