Pì āu put oân-tûn bió-im

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秘āu put oân-tûn原im
ɯ
IPA 編號 316
編碼
HTML馬 十進位 ɯ
Unicode 卡六進位 U+026F
X-SAMPA音標 M
ASCII音標 u-
聲音
IPA母音
次前 次後
[[Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "伊" not found in list|伊]] • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
ɪ̈ • ʊ̈
ɯ̽ • ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
 • ø̞
ɤ̞ • 
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
chhù pì
poàn pì
poàn khai
chhù khai
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
This table contains phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]

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()āu put oân-tûn原音 (guân-im) (英語 (ing-gú): close back unrounded vowel) 或者 (hi̍k-tsiá) (Ko)āu put oân-tûn秒音 (bió-im) (英語: high back unrounded vowel)[1] ()一寡 (tsi̍t-kuá)口語 (kháu-gú)內底 (lāi-té)使用 (sú-iōng) (ê)一種 (tsi̍t-tsióng)元音 (guân-im)國際 (Kok-tsè)音標 (im-piau)內底大表 (tāi-piáu)這个 (tsit-ê) (im)符號 (hû-hō)是 ⟨ɯ⟩。 (Teh)排板 (pâi-pán)頂懸 (tíng-kuân) () ⟨m⟩ 字母 (jī-bú)轉會來 (tńg-kuè-lâi)的 ⟨ɯ⟩,考慮著 (khó-lū-tio̍h) ⟨ɯ⟩ (hām)字母 ⟨u⟩ (sóo)代表 (tāi-piáu)siañ音關係 (kuan-hē), ⟨ɯ⟩ 會當 (ē-tàng) (hông)認為 (jīm-uî)加上 (ka-siōng)家一个 (ke-tsi̍t-ê) "uáñ (kong) (u)" 的 ⟨ (u)⟩。

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

  1. While theInternational Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".

參考 (Tsham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)[修改]

  • Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009). "Estonian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (3): 367–372. doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x. 
  • Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2004), "New Zealand English: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 580–602, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
  • Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
  • Ladefoged, Peter (1999), "American English", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 41–44 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 
  • Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943 
  • Gordon, Matthew J. (2004), "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 282–299, ISBN 3-11-017532-0 
  • International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide都the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65236-7 
  • Labrune, Laurence (2012), The Phonology of Japanese, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954583-4 
  • Lee, Hyun揍 (1999), "Korean", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide都the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–123, ISBN 0-521-63751-1 
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", chū International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide都the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0 
  • Tingsabadh, M.R。 Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993). "治". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 24–26. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746. 
  • Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Volume 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52128541-0 .
  • Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), "Turkish" (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide都the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2018-07-25 hőng khó͘-pih, 2015-11-20 khòaⁿ--ê 
  • Vasconcelos, Eduardo A. (2013). Investigando a hipótese Cayapó do Sul-Panará (PhD). Campinas: University of Campinas. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2013.929939. 
  • Alves, Ana Carolina Ferreira (2013). "Aspectos do sistema fonológico de Arara (Karib)". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi。 Ciências Humanas. 8 (2). doi:10.1590/S1981-81222013000200003. 
  • dos Anjos, Zoraide (2012). "Fonologia Katukina-Kanamari". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas. 12 (1). doi:10.20396/liames.v0i12.1486. 

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