Pà-ông-liông

?霸王龍

Tyrannosaurus rex

化石

化石範圍

6850 – 6550萬年前 (Cretaceous其尾期)

生物學分類

介:	Animalia
門:	Chordata
公:	Sauropsida
超科:	Tyrannosauroidea
科:	Tyrannosauridae
亞科:	Tyrannosaurinae
屬:	Tyrannosaurus Osborn， 1905

Chéng

Tyrannosaurus rex (type)
Osborn， 1905

Siâng意明

Manospondylus
Cope， 1892
Dynamosaurus
Osborn， 1905
?Nanotyrannus
Bakker， Williams & Currie， 1988
Stygivenator
Olshevsky， 1995
Dinotyrannus
Olshevsky， 1995

霸王龍 (Pà-ông-liông)抑 (ia̍h)pauh量 (liông)，Latin名 (miâ)號 (hō)做 (chò)Tyrannosaurus，是 (sī)一 (chi̍t)款 (khóan)首跤類 (siù-kha-lūi) (Theropoda) 的 (ê)恐龍 (khióng-liông)，代表 (tāi-piáu)物種 (bu̍t-chéng)是Tyrannosaurus rex，是通世界 (thong-sè-kài)上 (siāng)知名 (chai-miâ)的恐龍之 (chi)一 (it)。

霸王龍生存 (seng-chûn)佇 (tī)Cretaceous時期 (sî-kî)，用 (iōng)卵期 (nn̄g-ki)跤 (kha)徛立 (khiā-li̍p)，是肉食性 (bah-si̍t-sèng)的動物 (tōng-bu̍t)。體長 (Thé-tn̂g)上長 (siāng-tn̂g)有 (ū)13公尺 (kong-chhioh),^[1] 權度 (kôan-tō͘)有4公尺^[2] 體重 (Thé-tāng)有到 (kàu)6.8公噸 (kong-tùn).^[3]

寸尺 (Chhùn-chhioh)[修改]

霸王龍的完 (ôan)chéng化石 (hòa-chio̍h)內面 (lāi-bīn)，上大 (siāng-tōa)的一身 (chi̍t-sian)是Field自然史 (Chū-jiân-sú)博物館 (Phok-bu̍t-kóan)收藏 (siu-chông)的 "衰 (Sue)"，體長12.8公尺，懸度 (kôan-tō͘)4公尺.^[2] 體重的估算 (kó͘-sǹg)上重 (siāng-tāng)超過 (chhiau-kòe)7.2公噸,^[4] 上輕 (siāng-khin)要無 (iàu-bô)4.5公噸.^[5]^[6] 新 (Sin)估算的體重大約 (tāi-iok)5.4到6.8公噸之間 (chi-kan).^[7]^[8]^[9]^[3] 霸王龍的頭 (thâu)參 (chham)尾 (bóe)真 (chin)大 (tōa)，怹 (in)的頭骨 (thâu-kut)上長有5公尺.^[10]

姿勢 (Chu-sè)[修改]

一開始 (Chi̍t-khai-sí)，專家 (choan-ka)掠叫 (lia̍h-kiò)霸王龍是用郎其 (nn̂g-ki)跤徛立，閣 (koh)用尾仔 (bóe-á)來 (lâi)做 (chòe)第三个 (tē-saⁿ-ê)支柱 (chi-thiāu)。一種 (Chi̍t-chióng)觀念 (koan-liām)對 (tùi)19世紀 (sè-kí)開始 (khai-sí)，一直到 (it-ti̍t-kàu)1992年 (nî)卡 (khah)予 (hō͘)推翻 (thui-hoan).^[11] 現時 (Hiān-sî)霸王龍的姿勢是郎 (nn̂g)跤徛立，尾仔參頭殼 (thâu-khak)呈現 (têng-hiān)水平 (chúi-pêng)的直線 (ti̍t-sòaⁿ)，按呢 (án-ne)卡徛 (khiā)會 (ē)在 (chāi)。

參考 (Chham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)[修改]

↑ Brochu, Christopher A。 (2003). Osteology of Tyrannosaurus Rex: Insights from a Nearly Complete Skeleton and High-resolution Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Skull. Northbrook， Illinois: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. OCLC 51651461. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "梳's vital statistics". 梳at the Field Museum. Field Museum of Natural History. 2007-09-15 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Erickson， Gregory M。 (2004). "Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs". Nature. 430 (7001): 772–775. doi:10.1038/nature02699. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ Henderson DM (1999). "Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical slicing". Paleobiology. 25 (1): 88–106.
↑ Anderson, JF (1985). "龍bone circumference and weight in mammals， birds and dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 207 (1): 53–61. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ Bakker, Robert T。 (1986). The Dinosaur Heresies. New York: Kensington Publishing. ISBN 0-688-04287-2. OCLC 13699558.
↑ Farlow, JO (1995). "Body mass， bone "strength indicator"， and cursorial potential of Tyrannosaurus rex". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 713–725. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ Seebacher, Frank。 (2001). "A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2.
↑ Christiansen, Per (2004). "Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs". Historical Biology. 16 (2-4): 85–92. doi:10.1080/08912960412331284313. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ "Museum unveils world's largest T-rex skull". Montana State University. 2006-04-07. 2008-09-13 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Tyrannosaurus". American Museum of Natural History. 2008-10-16 khòaⁿ--ê.

網等 (Bāng-téng)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

佇Wikimedia Commons等的相關檔案: Tyrannosaurus

Wikispecies

Wikispecies 有關係

Pà-ông-liông 的資料.

[brochu2003-1] Brochu, Christopher A。 (2003). Osteology of Tyrannosaurus Rex: Insights from a Nearly Complete Skeleton and High-resolution Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Skull. Northbrook， Illinois: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. OCLC 51651461. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[SueFMNH-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "梳's vital statistics". 梳at the Field Museum. Field Museum of Natural History. 2007-09-15 khòaⁿ--ê.

[ericksonetal2004-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Erickson， Gregory M。 (2004). "Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs". Nature. 430 (7001): 772–775. doi:10.1038/nature02699. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[henderson1999-4] Henderson DM (1999). "Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical slicing". Paleobiology. 25 (1): 88–106.

[andersonetal1985-5] Anderson, JF (1985). "龍bone circumference and weight in mammals， birds and dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 207 (1): 53–61. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[bakker1986-6] Bakker, Robert T。 (1986). The Dinosaur Heresies. New York: Kensington Publishing. ISBN 0-688-04287-2. OCLC 13699558.

[farlowetal1995-7] Farlow, JO (1995). "Body mass， bone "strength indicator"， and cursorial potential of Tyrannosaurus rex". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 713–725. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[seebacher2001-8] Seebacher, Frank。 (2001). "A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2.

[christiansenfarina2004-9] Christiansen, Per (2004). "Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs". Historical Biology. 16 (2-4): 85–92. doi:10.1080/08912960412331284313. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

[10] "Museum unveils world's largest T-rex skull". Montana State University. 2006-04-07. 2008-09-13 khòaⁿ--ê.

[amnhsite-11] "Tyrannosaurus". American Museum of Natural History. 2008-10-16 khòaⁿ--ê.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

Pà-ông-liông

目錄

寸尺 (Chhùn-chhioh)[修改]

姿勢 (Chu-sè)[修改]

參考 (Chham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)[修改]

網等 (Bāng-téng)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

巡覽me-niú

Pà-ông-liông

寸尺 (Chhùn-chhioh)[修改]

姿勢 (Chu-sè)[修改]

參考 (Chham-khó)文獻 (bûn-hiàn)[修改]

網等 (Bāng-téng)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

巡覽me-niú

搜揣