Java (thêng-sek gí-giân)

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Java
tóng-àn:Java programming language logo.svg
編程範型 Multi-paradigm: generic，object-oriented (class-based)，functional，imperative，reflective，concurrent
軟體設計 James Gosling
程式員 孫Microsystems
首次發行 1995 年 5月 23日;​ 29年 以前​ (1995-05-23) [1]
穩定
版本
預覽
版本
類型系統 Static， strong， safe，nominative，manifest
文件擴展名 .java，.class，.jar， .jmod
網站 oracle.com/java/，java.com
啟發語言
CLU,[2] Simula67,[2] Lisp,[2] Smalltalk,[2] Ada 83，C++,[3] C#,[4] Eiffel,[5] Mesa,[6] Modula-3,[7] Oberon,[8] Objective-C,[9] UCSD Pascal,[10][11] Object Pascal[12]
影響語言
Ada 2005，BeanShell，C#，Chapel,[13] Clojure，ECMAScript，Fantom，Gambas,[14] Groovy，Hack,[15] Haxe，J#，Kotlin，PHP，Python，Scala，Seed7，Vala，JavaScript，JS++

Java是 (sī)1種 (chióng)電腦 (tiān-náu)的 (ê)程式 (thêng-sek)語言 (gí-giân)。伊 (I)有 (ū)跨 (khòa)平臺 (pêng-tâi) (跨平臺)，物件 (bu̍t-kiāⁿ)導向 (tō-hiòng) (物件導向) 佮 (kap)泛型 (hoàn-hêng)編程 (pian-thêng) (泛型編程) 的特性 (te̍k-sèng)。 1995年 (nî)，由 (iû)James Gosling開發 (khai-hoat)。

下底 (Ē-té)是使 (sái)Java寫 (siá)的 „Hello World“ 的原始碼 (goân-sú-bé):

<source lang="java"> 

// Hello.java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
System.out.println("Hello， World!"); 
} 
}

</source>

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

  1. ↑ Binstock, Andrew (May 20, 2015). "Java's 20 Years of Innovation". Forbes. goân-loē-iông tī March 14, 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. March 18, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Barbara Liskov with John Guttag (2000). Program Development in Java - Abstraction， Specification， and Object-Oriented Design. USA， Addison Wesley. ISBN 9780201657685. 
  3. ↑ Chaudhary, Harry H. (2014-07-28). "Cracking The Java Programming Interview :: 2000+ Java Interview Que/Ans". 2016-05-29 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  4. ↑ Java 5.0 added several new language features (theenhanced for lo͘p, autoboxing, varargs and annotations), after they were introduced in the similar (and competing) C# language. [1]Archived March 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. [2]Archived January 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Gosling, James; McGilton, Henry (May 1996). "The Java Language Environment". goân-loē-iông tī May 6, 2014 hőng khó͘-pih. May 6, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Gosling, James; Joy, Bill; Steele, Guy; Bracha, Gilad. "The Java Language Specification, 2nd Edition". goân-loē-iông tī August 5, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. February 8, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "The A-Z of Programming Languages: Modula-3". Computerworld.com.au. goân-loē-iông tī January 5, 2009 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-06-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Niklaus Wirth stated on a number of public occasions, e.g. 怹a lecture at the Polytechnic Museum, Moscow in September 2005 (several independent first-hand accounts in Russian exist, e.g. one with an audio recording: Filippova, Elena (September 22, 2005). "Niklaus Wirth's lecture at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow". goân-loē-iông tī December 1, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. November 20, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)), that the孫Java design team licensed the Oberon compiler sources a number of years prior都the release of Java and examined it: a (relative) compactness, type safety, garbage collection, no multiple inheritance for classes – all these key overall design features are shared by Java and Oberon.
  9. ↑ Patrick Naughton cites Objective-C as a strong influence on the design of the Java programming language, stating that notable direct derivatives include Java interfaces (derived from Objective-C's protocol) and primitive wrapper classes. [3]Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ TechMetrix Research (1999). "History of Java" (PDF). Java Application Servers Report. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī December 29, 2010 hőng khó͘-pih. The project went ahead under the name green and the language was based on an old model of UCSD Pascal, which makes it possible to generate interpretive code.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ "A Conversation with James Gosling – ACM Queue". Queue.acm.org. August 31, 2004. goân-loē-iông tī July 16, 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-06-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ In the summer of 1996, 孫was designing the precursor to what is now the event model of the AWT and the JavaBeans component architecture. Borland contributed greatly to this process. We looked very carefully at Delphi Object Pascal and built a working prototype of bound method references in order to understand their interaction with the Java programming language and its APIs.White Paper About Microsoft's Delegates
  13. ↑ "Chapel spec (Acknowledgements)" (PDF). Cray Inc. 2015-10-01. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī February 5， 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-01-14 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "Gambas Documentation Introduction". Gambas Website. goân-loē-iông tī October 9， 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-10-09 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "Facebook Q&A: Hack brings static typing to PHP world". InfoWorld. March 26, 2014. goân-loē-iông tī February 13, 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 2015-01-11 khòaⁿ--ê.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |df= ignored (help)
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