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對 (Tùi)一 (chi̍t)个 (ê) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階 (kai)四方 (sù-hong)行列 (hâng-lia̍t) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 來 (lâi)講 (kóng)，若準 (nā-chún)有 (ū)一个 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階四方行列 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle B} 使得 (sú-tek)

解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle AB=BA=I_n} ，

咱 (lán)就 (tiō)講 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是 (sī)可逆 (khó-ge̍k)行列 (漢字: 可逆行列，英語: invertible matrix)，其中 (kî-tiong) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle I_n} 是 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階單位 (tan-ūi)行列，乘法 (sêng-hoat)是一般 (it-poaⁿ)的 (ê)行列成發 (sêng-hoat); 而且 (jî-chhiáⁿ)這 (chit)个 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle B} 是唯一 (î-it)由 (iû) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 括定 (koat-tēng) ͘的，咱就共 (kā)叫做 (kiò-chò) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的逆 (ge̍k)行列，記號 (kì-hō)是 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A^{-1}} .[1]

非特意 (Hui-te̍k-ì)行列[修改]

咱講，一个行列是特意 (te̍k-ì)行列 (漢字: 特異行列，英語: singular matrix) 或者 (he̍k-chiá)是綴化 (tòe-hòa)行列 (漢字: 退化行列，英語: degenerate matrix) 若 (nā)兼 (kiam)今 (taⁿ)若伊 (i)的行列式 (hâng-lia̍t-sek)等於 (téng-î)能 (lêng)。比論講 (Pí-lūn-kóng)，

解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & 4 & 7 \\ -1 & -2 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 7\end{pmatrix}}

是一个特意行列，因為 (in-ūi) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \det{A}=0} 。

咱會使 (ē-sái)政明 (chèng-bêng)講，一个行列是非特意行列 (漢字: 非特異行列，英語: nonsingular matrix) 或者是綴化行列 (漢字: 非退化行列，英語: nondegenerate matrix) 若兼今若伊是可逆行列。請 (Chhiáⁿ)看 (khòaⁿ)下面 (ē-bīn)的可逆行列定理 (tēng-lí)。

性質 (Sèng-chit)[修改]

可逆行列定理[修改]

另 (Lēng) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是一个佇 (tī)體 (thé)K等 (téng)的 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階四方行列，以下 (í-hā)事述 (sū-su̍t)等價 (téng-kè):[2]

  1. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是可逆行列。
  2. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 有一个倒手 (tò-chhiú)逆 (伊.e。自在 (chū-chāi) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle B} 使得 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle BA=I_n} )，抑 (ia̍h) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 有一个正手 (chiàⁿ-chhiú)逆 (伊.e。自在 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle C} 使得 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle AC=I_n} ); 怹 (in)佇咱遮 (chia)其實 (kî-si̍t)相仝 (sio-kâng)，攏 (lóng)是 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 維一 (î-it)个逆行列 (伊.e。解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle B=C=A^{-1}} )。
  3. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是非特意行列。
  4. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是非綴化 (hui-tòe-hòa)行列。
  5. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \det{A}\neq0} 。
  6. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 佮 (kap)單位行列 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle I_n} 逝等價 (chōa-téng-kè)。
  7. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 佮單位行列 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle I_n} 徛等價 (khiā-téng-kè)。
  8. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 有 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 的門損 (mn̂g-sún)位置 (ūi-tì)。
  9. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 滿階 (móa-kai)，伊.e。解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \text{rank}(A)=n}
  10. 風橙色 (Hong-têng-sek) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}} 拄拄 (tú-tú)好 (hó)有一个解 (kái)，是無聊 (bô-liâu)改 (kái) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}} 。
  11. 對所有 (só͘-ū) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \mathbf{b}\in K^n} ，方程式 (hong-têng-sek) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}} 攏拄拄好有一个解。
  12. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的佛 (hu̍t)是無聊的，伊.e。解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \ker(A) = \{\mathbf{0}\}} 。
  13. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的徛 (khiā)朗 (lóng)線性 (sòaⁿ-sèng)獨立 (to̍k-li̍p)。
  14. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的徛恥開 (thí-khui) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 。
  15. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的徛空間 (khong-kan)就是 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 。
  16. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的徛組成 (cho͘-sêng) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 的一組 (cho͘)基底 (ki-té)。
  17. 對 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \mathbf{x}} 到 (kàu) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A\mathbf{x}} 的線性寫上 (siá-siōng)是一个對 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 到 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 的雙社 (siang-siā)。
  18. 數字 (Sò͘-jī) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle 0} 毋 (m̄)是 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的固有達 (kò͘-iú-ta̍t)。
  19. 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A^T} 嘛 (mā)是可逆行列。 (所以 (Só͘-í)，解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 的逝 (chōa)嘛攏線性獨立，嘛恥開 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} ，嘛組成 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle K^n} 的一組基底.)
  20. 會使用 (ēng)有限 (iú-hān)的基本 (ki-pún)行列的成績 (sêng-chek)來表示 (piáu-sī) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 。

其他 (Kî-thaⁿ)性質[修改]

另 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是一个 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階可逆行列，伊閣 (koh)有下面國獎 (kok-chióng)性質:

  • 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \left(A^{-1}\right)^{-1}=A} 。
  • 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \left(kA\right)^{-1}=k^{-1}A^{-1}} 對非零 (hui-lêng)詢量 (sûn-liōng) 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle k}
  • 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \left(A^\mathrm{T}\right)^{-1}=\left(A^{-1}\right)^\mathrm{T}} 。
  • 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle \det{A^{-1}}=\left(\det{A}\right)^{-1}} 。

若 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 是家己 (ka-kī)的逆行列 (伊.e.，解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle {{ruby|阿|A}} = A^{-1}} ) 或者 解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle A^2 = 伊} ，咱就共 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle A} 叫做對合 (tùi-ha̍p)行列。

一般線性拳 (kûn)[修改]

所有的 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 階可逆行列和 (hām)行列成法 (sêng-hoat)合 (kap)做伙 (chò-hóe)，會 (ē)成做 (chiâⁿ-chò)一个群 (kûn)，叫做 解析失敗 (Chīn-liōng iōng MathML (chhì-giām-sèng--ê)：從伺服器 "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/" 收到無效的回應 ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.")。): {\displaystyle n} 該 (kai)一般線性群。

參考 (Chham-khó)資料 (chu-liāu)[修改]

  1. ↑ Friedberg, S., Insel, A. & Spence, L. (2018). Linear Algebra (5th Edition). Pearson. ISBN 978-0134860244.
  2. ↑ Stover, C. "Invertible Matrix Theorem." MathWorld. [2022-3-15 ]
來源: "https://taigi.lohankhapedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khó-ge̍k_hâng-lia̍t&oldid=3016192"