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本 (Pún)文章 (bûn-chiong)是 (sī)美國 (Bí-kok)閣 (koh)州 (chiu)兼 (kiam)Washington， D.C。的 (ê)觀風 (koan-hong)採用 (chhái-ēng)或者 (he̍k-chiá)傳統 (thoân-thóng)上 (siōng)流行 (liû-hêng)的 "綽號 (chhiok-hō)" 列單 (lia̍t-toaⁿ)。

列單[修改]

粗字 (Chho͘-jī)是現時 (hiān-sî)採用的觀風綽號。

周 (Chiu) 觸號 (Chhiok-hō)佮 (kap)解說 (ké-soeh)
 Alabama
(無 (Bô)觀風綽號)[1]
  • Cotton Plantation State[2] – "棉花 (Mî-hoe)田園 (Chhân-hn̂g)周"
  • Cotton State[3]– "棉花周"
  • Heart of Dixie[3][4][5] – "Dixie之 (chi)心 (Sim)"，用 (ēng)對 (ùi)車牌 (chhia-pâi)等 (téng)， "Dixie" 是對 (tùi)美國南方 (lâm-hng)閣州的1款 (khoán)叫法 (kiò-hoat)
  • Lizard State[2]– "四 (Sì)kha-chôa周"
  • Yellowhammer State[3] – "Yellowhammer" 是一 (chi̍t)款卓樹鳥 (tok-chhiū-chiáu)，學名 (ha̍k-miâ)Colaptes auratus
 Alaska
  • Land of the Midnight孫 (Sun)[6] – "半暝 (Pòaⁿ-mî)日 (Ji̍t)的土地 (Thó͘-tē)"
  • Land of the Noonday Mo͘n[6] – "中晝 (Tiong-tàu)月 (Goe̍h)的土地"
  • The Last Frontier[6][7] – "最後 (Chòe-āu)前鋒 (Chiân-hong)"，用對車牌等
  • Seward's Folly[6] – "Seward的亭仔 (Têng-á)"，William H。 Seward是以早 (í-chá)國務 (Kok-bū)部長 (Pō͘-tiúⁿ); "Folly" 是西洋 (se-iûⁿ)花園 (hoe-hn̂g)裝飾 (chong-sek)建物 (kiàn-bu̍t)
  • Seward's Ice Box，Icebergia，Polaria，Walrussia，佮Johnson's Polar Bear Garden – 遮 (chia)幾的 (kúi-ê)名 (miâ)是較早 (khah-chá)美國國會 (kok-hōe)咧 (teh)體論 (thé-lūn)Alaska收買 (Siu-bé)的時陣 (sî-chūn)講 (kóng)來 (lâi)落境的 (làu-kéng--ê)[6]
 Arizona
  • Apache State[8] – "Apache州"
  • Aztec State[8] – "Aztec州"
  • Baby State – "翁嬰仔 (Ang-eⁿ-á)周"，因為 (in-ūi)Arizona是美國相連 (sio-liân)部份 (pō͘-hūn)內 (lāi)雙 (siang)尾 (bóe)設的 (siat--ê)[8]
  • Copper State[8] – "桐仔 (Tâng-á)周"
  • Grand Canyon State[8]– "Grand Canyon]] 州"， 2011年 (nî)開始 (khai-sí)用佇 (tī)車牌等.[9]
  • Italy of America[8] – "美國的Italia"
  • Sand Hill State – "沙崙 (Soa-lūn)周"[8]
  • Sunset State – "日落 (Ji̍t-lo̍h)周"[8]
  • Sweetheart State – 照 (chiàu)下一 (ē-chi̍t)項 (hāng)假說 (ké-soeh)[8]
  • Valentine State – "情人節 (Chêng-jîn-chiat)周"， Arizona佇1912年2月14設 (siat)州[8]
 Arkansas
  • Bear State[10] – "熊 (Hîm)周"
  • Bowie State[10] – "Bowie" 是一款多仔 (to-á)
  • Hot Springs State[10] – "溫泉 (Un-chôaⁿ)周"
  • Land of Opportunity[10]，進前 (chìn-chêng)是觀風綽號，八 (pat)用佇車牌等
  • The Natural State[10] – "自然 (Chū-jiân)之周", 用對車牌等[11]
  • Razorback State[10] – "山豬 (Soaⁿ-ti)周"
  • Toothpick State[10]– "短刀 (Té-to)周"
  • Wonder State[10] – "不思議 (Put-su-gī)之周"
 California
  • El Dorado State[12] – "El Dorado" 是傳說 (thoân-soat)的 "黃金城 (n̂g-kim-siâⁿ)"
  • The Golden State[13][14] – "黃金 (N̂g-kim)支 (chi)周"，用佇車牌
 Colorado
  • Buffalo Plains State[15] – "野牛 (Iá-gû)平埔 (Pêⁿ-po͘)周"，無閣咧 (leh)用
  • Centennial State[16] – "百週年 (Pah-chiu-nî)周"， Colorado是美國簽訂 (chhiam-tēng)獨立 (To̍k-li̍p)宣言 (Soan-giân)了後 (liáu-āu)一百 (pah)冬 (tang)週年 (chiu-nî)的時 (sî)新 (sin)設的。
  • Colorful Colorado[16] – 尻早 (kha-chá)用佇車牌
  • Columbine State[17] – "Columbine" 是一款在地 (chāi-tē)飛 (hoe)指 (chéng)
  • Highest State[15] – "最權的 (Chòe-koân-ê)周"
  • Lead State[15] – "於延 (O͘-iân)周"，無閣咧用
  • Mother of Rivers[18] – "河川 (Hô-chhoan)之母 (Bú)"
  • Rocky Mountain Empire[19] – "Rocky山 (Soaⁿ)帝國 (Tè-kok)"，無閣咧用
  • Rocky Mountain State[20] – "Rocky山周"，無閣咧用
  • Silver State[15] – "銀仔 (Gîn-á)周"，無閣咧用
  • Ski Country USA[21] – "美國滑雪 (Ku̍t-seh)郡 (Kūn)"
  • Switzerland of America[22]– "美國的瑞西 (Sūi-se)"，無閣咧用
 Connecticut
  • Constitution State[23] – "憲法 (Hiàn-hoat)周"，用佇車牌等
  • Nutmeg State[12]
  • Blue Law State[12]
  • Freestone State[12]
  • Land of Steady Habits[12]
 Delaware
  • Chemical Capital of the World[24] – "世界 (Sè-kài)Hià學 (ha̍k)首都 (Siú-to͘)"，因為濟 (chē)間 (keng)華學 (hòa-ha̍k)公司 (kong-si)的總部 (chóng-pō͘)對遮
  • Corporate Capital – "公司首都"，因為這 (chit)周對生理 (seng-lí)企業 (khì-gia̍p)的優待 (iu-thāi)[24]
  • Diamond State – "璇石 (Soān-chio̍h)周"，Thomas Jefferson講的 (kóng--ê)，意事 (ì-sū)工 (kong)小小 (sió-sió)毋過 (m̄-koh)真 (chin)有 (ū)價值 (kè-ta̍t)[25]
  • Blue Hen State抑 (ia̍h)Blue Hen Chicken State – "Blue Hen" 是一款雞仔 (ke-á)品 (phín)chéng[26]
  • The First State[24][27] – "頭一 (Thâu-chi̍t)周"， Delaware是上 (siāng)早 (chá)通過 (thong-kòe)美國憲法的 (Hiàn-hoat--ê)，這个 (chit-ê)名用對車牌等
  • Peach State – "桃仔 (Thô-á)周"[24]
  • Small Wonder[24] – "小 (Sió)奇蹟 (Kî-chek)"
Pang-bô͘:Country data Washington， D.C.
  • Nation's Capital[28]– "國家 (Kok-ka)的首府 (Siú-hú)"
  • DMV[28] – "District - Maryland - Virginia" 的意思 (ì-sù)。
 Florida
 Georgia
  • Peach State[30] – 用對車牌
  • Cracker State — 可能 (khó-lêng)來自 (lâi-chū)叫 (kiò)做 (chò) "crackers" 的移民 (î-bîn).[31]
  • Empire State of the South[32]
  • Yankee-land of the South[33]
  • Goober State — "塗豆 (Thô͘-tāu)周"[34]
  • State of Adventure – 用佇公路 (kong-lō͘)的藩營 (hoan-êng)空綁 (khang-páng)
 Hawaii
  • Aloha State – 官方 (koaⁿ-hong)定 (tēng)的通俗 (thong-sio̍k) ("popular") 號名 (hō-miâ)[35]，用佇車牌.[36]
  • Paradise of the Pacific[36]
  • Pineapple State[36]
  • Rainbow State[37]
  • Youngest State[36]
  • 808 State[38][39]
 Idaho
 Illinois[43]
  • Land of Lincoln[44]– 用對車牌
  • Prairie State[44]
  • Corn State[44]
  • Garden of the West[44]
 Indiana
 Iowa
 Kansas
  • Wheat State – 以前 (í-chêng)用對車牌
  • Home of Beautiful Women[47] – "水 (Súi)查某 (cha-bó͘)之鄉 (hiong)"
  • Central State[12]
  • Sunflower State[12]
 Kentucky
 Louisiana
  • Creole State[12]
  • Pelican State[12]
  • Sportsman's Paradise – "運動員 (Ūn-tōng-oân)的樂園 (Lo̍k-hn̂g)"，用對車牌
 Maine
  • Vacationland – 用對車牌
  • Pine Tree State[49] (Co-official with Vacationland)
  • Lumber State[12]
 Maryland
 Massachusetts
  • Baked Bean State[54]
  • Codfish State (formerly represented on license plates by a codfish)
  • The Bay State[54]
  • Old Colony State[55]
  • Pilgrim State[54]
  • The Spirit of America – 用對車牌
  • The People's Republic of Massachusetts (colloquial)
  • Taxachusetts (colloquial)[56][57][58][59][60]
 Michigan
  • TheGreat Lakes State – 以前用佇車牌
  • Winter Water Wonderland - "寒天 (Kôaⁿ-thiⁿ)的水 (Chúi)仙界 (Sian-kài)"，進前用對車牌
  • the Wolverine State[61]
 Minnesota
  • Gopher State[12]
  • Land of 10,000 Lakes – 車牌用 "10,000 Lakes"
  • New England of the West[12]
  • North Star State
  • State of Hockey[62]
  • Bread and Butter State[12]
 Mississippi
  • Hospitality State – 以前用佇車牌
  • Magnolia State
  • The Birthplace of America's Music – 用佇車牌
  • The Bayou State[12]
 Missouri
 Montana
  • Big Sky Country – 現時用對車牌
  • The Last Best Place[64]
  • Treasure State – 進前用對車牌
 Nebraska
  • Beef State – 進前用對車牌
  • Cornhusker State - 進前用對車牌[65]
  • Bugeating State[66]
  • Blackwater State[12]
  • The Good Life – 用佇 (ēng-tī)邊界 (pian-kài)khâng綁 (páng)
 Nevada
  • Battle Born State – 賴戰 (Lōa-chiàn)時期 (sî-kî)加入 (ka-ji̍p)聯邦 (liân-pang)
  • Sagebrush State
  • Silver State – "銀仔周"，用對車牌
 New Hampshire
 New Jersey
  • Garden State – 用對車牌
  • The Crossroads of the Revolution – 八用佇車牌等
 New Mexico
 New York
 North Carolina
 North Dakota
 Ohio
  • Buckeye State[26]
  • Birthplace of Aviation[73] – 用對車牌
  • The Heart Of It All[74] (八用佇車牌等)
 Oklahoma
  • Native America – 用對車牌
  • Sooner State[75] – "Sooners" 是對卡早 (khá-chá)一陣 (tīn)開墾者 (khui-khún-chiá)的稱呼 (chheng-ho͘)。
 Oregon
  • Beaver State
  • Pacific Wonderland[76] – 會當 (ē-tàng)予人用佇車牌
  • Webfoot State[12]
 Pennsylvania
  • Keystone State[26] – 八用佇車牌等。
  • Toll Booth State[77]
 Rhode Island
  • Little Rhody[26]
  • Ocean State – 用對車牌
 South Carolina
  • Palmetto State[26]
  • Sandlapper State
  • Iodine Products State[78]– 捌 (bat)用佇車牌等，無閣咧用。
 South Dakota
  • Artesian State[79]
  • Blizzard State[79]
  • Coyote State[79]
  • The Mount Rushmore State[80] 1980年採用.[79]
  • Sunshine State[79]
 Tennessee
  • Big Bend State[81] – 子 (chí)Tennessee號 (Hô)
  • Butternut State[81] — 指 (chí)內戰 (lōe-chiàn)時期本州 (pún-chiu)兵仔 (peng-á)制服 (chè-ho̍k)的色緻 (sek-tī)。
  • Hog and Hominy State[81]
  • The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen[81]
  • Volunteer State[81] – 用對車牌
 Texas
  • Friendship State[82]
  • Lone Star State[26][82] – 用對車牌
 Utah
  • Beehive State
  • Mormon State[83]
  • Friendly State[84] – 八印 (ìn)佇車牌等。
 Vermont
  • Green Mountain State[26] – 用對車牌
 Virginia
  • Mother of Presidents[12]
  • Mother of States[12]
  • The Old Dominion[26]
  • The Commonwealth
 Washington
  • Evergreen State[85] — "常綠 (Siông-le̍k)周"，現時用佇車牌
 West Virginia
  • Mountain State – "山周"，八用佇車牌
  • Panhandle State[12]
 Wisconsin
(無官方綽號)[86]
  • Badger State[12] – "Badger" 是一類 (lūi)貂科 (Tiau-kho)動物 (tōng-bu̍t)
  • America's Dairyland[87][88][86] – "美國的奶產 (Leng-sán)之地 (tē)"，用對車牌等
  • The Copper State[89][90]– "同 (Tâng)周"，歷史 (le̍k-sú)性的 (sèng--ê)。
  • The Forward State – "前鋒周"，怹的 (in-ê)標語 (phiau-gú) (motto) 是 "Forward"
 Wyoming
  • Cowboy State – "Cowboy" 是美國一款專門 (choan-bûn)騎馬 (khiâ-bé)過魚 (kò͘-gû)的人 (lâng)
  • Equality State – "平等 (Pêng-téng)周"
  • Forever West – 用對公路歡迎 (hoan-gêng)牌仔 (pâi-á)等

參考 (Chham-khó)[修改]

  1. ↑ "Emblems Index". State of Alabama. 2008-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 IntroductiontoAlabama， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Alabama Emblems， Symbols and Honors". Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2006-04-20. 2007-03-18 khòaⁿ--ê. Alabama does not have an official nickname. 
  4. ↑ "Heart of Dixie". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2004-06-29. 2007-03-18 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  5. ↑ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (First of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-06. 2009-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 TheLast Frontier State， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  7. ↑ Alaska Division of Economic Development (2010-12-21). "Alaska Division of Economic Development". Alaska Division of Economic Development. 2011-07-30 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 IntroductiontoArizona, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  9. ↑ Ariz。HB 2549
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 IntroductiontoArkansas， US States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  11. ↑ Arkansas § 1-4-106 - State nickname Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22  Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., pian. (1905). "States， Popular Names of". New International Encyclopedia (1st pán.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 
  13. ↑ California Government Code Section 420.75 Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
  14. ↑ "State Symbols". California State Library. State of California. 2008-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Colorado". NetState.com. NState， LLC。. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Colorado State Name and Nicknames". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado， Department of Personnel & Administration， Colorado State Archives. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  17. ↑ "Colorado State Flower". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado， Department of Personnel & Administration， Colorado State Archives. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  18. ↑ "Colorado Water History" (asp). Colorado Historical Society. 2007-11-29 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  19. ↑ Denver， Colorado
  20. ↑ "Colorado". USAtourist.com. USATourist. 2007-02-21 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  21. ↑ Colorado Ski Country USA history
  22. ↑ IntroductiontoColorado， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  23. ↑ Conn。Stat。Sec。3-110a, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 IntroductiontoDelaware， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  25. ↑ "Jewel among the states (Quotation)". Monticello.ORG. 13 November 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 Barry Popik，Smoky City， barrypopik.com website， March 27， 2005
  27. ↑ Delaware Code Title 29 Section 318 retrieved on February 28, 2011
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Farhi， Paul。 (2010， July 30)。After initial obscurity，'TheDMV' nickname for Washington area picksupspeed。Washington Post。 Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 IntroductiontoFlorida， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  30. ↑ "Quick Facts: State Symbols". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  31. ↑ "Folklife: Customs and Local Traditions". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  32. ↑ "History & Archaeology: Antebellum Industrialization". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  33. ↑ "Georgia". State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States. NetState. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  34. ↑ "Land & Resources: Peanuts". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. 2008-03-03 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  35. ↑ "Hawaii Revised Statutes § 5-7". November 4, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 IntroductiontoHawaii， 50 States.
  37. ↑ "HAWAII: A RAINBOW OF CULTURAL RICHES: A world of traditions blending for centuries offers cultural activities of colorful diversity". Guidebookamerica.com. 2013-05-24 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  38. ↑ 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 Stategettheir name from?， 808 State Official Website.
  39. ↑ 808 State Update， Talk Radio Hawaii
  40. ↑ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Second of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-12. 2009-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  41. ↑ IntroductiontoIdaho， 50 States.
  42. ↑ "SuperPages: Idaho History". 2008-03-21 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  43. ↑ "Illinois". Illinois State Symbols & Emblems. 2007-04-29 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 IntroductiontoIllinois， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  45. ↑ The unofficial sobriquet of theState of Indiana has given rise都 (to)the humorous constructions Hoosierana (the land of Hoosiers; see uses inIndiana Journalism Hall of Fame and by sports journalist Frank DeFord) and Hoosierstan (the place of Hoosiers).
  46. ↑ "Iowa State Nickname - "The Hawkeye State"". State Symbols USA. May 24, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  47. ↑ "Kansas Signage". roadsideamerica.com. 2007-03-26 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 IntroductiontoKentucky， 50 States.
  49. ↑ "State Nicknames". 50states.com. 2013-05-24 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  50. ↑ Judy Colbert (2007). Off the Beaten Path: Maryland and Delaware (8th pán.). ISBN 978-0-7627-4418-3. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 "The State of Maryland - An Introduction都the Old Line State from". Netstate.Com. 2013-05-24 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  52. ↑ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Third of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-19. 2009-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  53. ↑ Archives of Maryland Online
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 IntroductiontoMassachusetts， 50 States， retrieved April 24， 2009.
  55. ↑ Massachusetts (state，United States), Britannica Online, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  56. ↑ Andrew Ryan, Report: 'Taxachusetts' label remains part of Massachusetts' past，Boston Globe， April 6， 2007.
  57. ↑ Daniel J. Flynn, 'Taxachusetts' nomore?, Forbes, October 22, 2008.
  58. ↑ 'Taxachusetts' Voters May Eliminate State Income Tax, Fox News, October 7, 2008.
  59. ↑ Michael D. Shear, Giuliani Backers Attack 'Taxachusetts Romney', The Washington Post, December 12, 2007.
  60. ↑ Slate's Chatterbox: TheMyth of 'Taxachusetts', National Public Radio, October 15, 2004.
  61. ↑ Holland, Meegan (15 March 2010). "Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?". MLive. 14 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  62. ↑ Jess Myers, Hockey roots run deepinMinnesota, ESPN.com, February 10, 2004
  63. ↑ [1] Riverfront Times, January 10, 2012
  64. ↑ InMontana，aPopular Expression Is Taken OfftheEndangered List New York Times, August 17, 2008; Retrieved February 28, 2011
  65. ↑ [2], Nebraska Rev. Stat. § 90-101, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  66. ↑ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 "New Hampshire Almanac >Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire official website. October 12， 2012 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 New Mexico Symbols，State Names， SHG Resources website， accessed July 7， 2008
  69. ↑ New Mexico Revised Statutes, Sec. 12-3-4-N, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 IntroductiontoNorth Carolina， 50 States， retrieved February 28， 2011.
  71. ↑ "Why We are Called Tar Heels". UNC Libraries. 2008-01-26 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  72. ↑ Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  73. ↑ "It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 2003-06-14. 2007-04-06 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  74. ↑ Elkins, Keith A. (2011). Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration. iUniverse. p. 293. 
  75. ↑ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-26. 2009-01-04 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  76. ↑ "Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966". Plate Shack. 2007-07-12 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  77. ↑ "Turnpikes and Toll Roads in Nineteenth Century America". 8 November 2012 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  78. ↑ "Iodine". South Carolina Encyclopedia. 2007-04-14. goân-loē-iông tī May 19， 2006 hőng khó͘-pih. 2007-04-06 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 South Dakota Symbols，State Names， SHG Resources website， accessed July 7， 2008
  80. ↑ "South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5". November 4, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 81.4 Tennessee Symbols and Honors，怹Tennessee Blue Bo͘k
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Texas:Facts， Map， and State Symbols". EnchantedLearing.com. 2008-03-09 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  83. ↑ "NetState: Utah". 2008-03-24 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  84. ↑ "State it on a plate — Over the years， slogans， designs have taken some poetic license". Deseret News. 
  85. ↑ "Symbols of Washington State". Washington State Legislature. 2012-08-16 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "Wisconsin State Symbols" inWisconsin Blue Bo͘k 2005-2006， p。 966。 Wisconsin has no Official nickname.
  87. ↑ Dornfeld, Margaret; Hantula, Richard (2010). Wisconsin: It's my state!. Marshall Cavendish. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-60870-062-2. 
  88. ↑ Urdang, Laurence (1988). Names and Nicknames of Places and Things. Penguin Group USA,. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. "America's Dairyland" A nickname of Wisconsin 
  89. ↑ Kane, Joseph Nathan; Alexander, Gerard L. (1979). Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties. Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810812550. Wisconsin - America's Dairyland, The Badger State ... The Copper State ... 
  90. ↑ Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide. North American Bo͘k Dist LLC. p. 10. ISBN 9781878592613. Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State. 

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