Pennsylvania Tek-gí

Pennsylvania Dutch
	Pennsylvania German
	Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch
源自國家	United States， Canada
使用地區	United States: Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Kentucky; Missouri; New York; Ohio; West Virginia; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin; Tennessee; Canada: Ontario; Elsewhere in North America and some spots in Central America
民族	Pennsylvania Dutch
母語使用者	237,000 (2016-2020 American Community Survey); to 350,000 (2012) (L2 speakers: about 3,000)
語系	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Elbe Germanic High German Central German West Central German Rhine Franconian Pfälzisch-Lothringisch Palatine German Pennsylvania Dutch; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
語言代碼
ISO 639-3	pdc
Glottolog	扳1240
Linguasphere	52-ACB彼
	Blue: The counties with the highest proportion of Pennsylvania German speakers.; Red: The counties with the highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers.; Purple: The counties with both the highest proportion and highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers。
	Pennsylavia Dutch is not endangered according都the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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Pennsylvania德語 (Tek-gí) (Pennsilfaanisch Deitschia̍hPennsylvania Dutch) 是 (sī)一 (chi̍t)種 (chióng)高地 (ko-tē)德語; 主要 (chú-iàu)分佈 (hun-pò͘)佇 (tī)美國 (Bí-kok)的 (ê)Pennsylvania，Indiana佮 (kap)Ohio等 (téng)周 (chiu)。使用者 (Sú-iōng-chiá)大概 (tāi-khài)有 (ū)15萬 (bān)至 (chì)25萬左右 (chó-iū)。所有 (Só͘-ū)Amisch攏 (lóng)會曉 (ē-hiáu)講 (kóng)Pennsylvania德語。

號名 (Hō-miâ)[修改]

Dutch若 (nā)照 (chiàu)普通 (phó͘-thong)翻譯 (hoan-e̍k)是 "荷蘭的 (Hô-lân-ê)"，總 (chóng)若佇這个 (chit-ê)李路 (lí-lō͘)毋始 (m̄-sí)咧 (leh)講荷人人 (Hô-lâng-lâng)。歷史學界 (Le̍k-sú-ha̍k-kài)一般 (it-poaⁿ)接受 (chiap-siū)講Pennsylvania Dutch這个號名內面 (lāi-bīn)的Dutch，是對 (tùi)仝 (kâng)語源 (gí-goân)的Deitsch的民間 (bîn-kan)鬥字 (tàu-jī).^[3]^[4]

過 (Koh)另外 (lēng-gōa)一款 (khoán)理論 (lí-lūn)是講佇較早 (khah-chá)的英語 (Eng-gí)Dutch意思 (ì-sù)猶 (iáu)無 (bô)像 (chhiūⁿ)今仔日 (kin-á-ji̍t)遐 (hiah)清楚 (chheng-chhó)，毋 (m̄)家焦 (ka-na)講荷蘭人 (Hô-lân-lâng)，顛倒 (tian-tó)是會當 (ē-tàng)表示 (piáu-sī)各 (kok)種對歐洲 (Au-chiu)大略 (tāi-lio̍k)出身 (chhut-sin)，講西 (Sai)German言語 (giân-gí)的人群 (jîn-kûn).^[5]

參照 (Chham-chiàu)[修改]

↑ 2016 American Community Survey， 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)
↑ Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest， 2012
↑ Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241
↑ "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

Organizations

Pennsylvania German

Hiwwe wie Driwwe – The Pennsylvania German Newspaper

Further information

[ACS2016-1] 2016 American Community Survey， 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)

[ReferenceA-2] Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest， 2012

[3] Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241

[4] "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10

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Pennsylvania Tek-gí

號名 (Hō-miâ)[修改]

參照 (Chham-chiàu)[修改]

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

巡覽me-niú

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