Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ)

**Ganymede**
	; Ganymede photographed by Juno怹2021
法建
法建者	Galileo Galilei
法建日子	January 7， 1610
名號
呼音	/ˈɡænəˌmiːd/; GAN-ə-MEED
號名由來	Γανυμήδης，Ganymēdēs
別名	Jupiter Pang-bô͘:Rn
Adjectives	Ganymedian,; Ganymedean (/ˌɡænəˈmiːd[invalid input: '伊'].ən/)
軌道性質
近點	Pang-bô͘:Val
遠點	Pang-bô͘:Val
半長車心	Pang-bô͘:Val
離心率	Pang-bô͘:Val
軌道週期	Pang-bô͘:Val
平均軌道速力	Pang-bô͘:Val
敧平	2.214° (都theecliptic); 0.20° (to Jupiter's equator)
倒粒青的畫爭	Jupiter
物理sèn質
平均半景	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.413 Earths)
表面積	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.171 Earths)
體積	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.0704 Earths)
質量	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.025 Earths) (2.02 Mo͘n's) (0.23 Mars')
平均密度	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.351 Earths)
表面重力	Pang-bô͘:Val (0.146 g)
慣性因子的能率	Pang-bô͘:Val
脫走so̍k度	Pang-bô͘:Val
Rotation period	synchronous
車心敧平	0–0.33°
反射率	Pang-bô͘:Val
明顯度	4.61 (opposition); 4.38 (怹1951)
角直徑	1.2多1.8 arcseconds
大氣圈
表面哈勒	0.2–1.2 µPa (1.97×10−12–1.18×10−11 atm)
體積組成	mostly oxygen

Ganymede是 (sī)木星 (Bo̍k-chheⁿ)63个 (ê)確定 (khak-tēng)的 (ê)衛星 (oē-chheⁿ)之 (chi)一 (it)。

注腳 (Tsù-kiok)[修改]

↑ Periapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1-e)$ .
↑ Apoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1+e)$ .
↑ Surface area derived from the radius (r): 解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle 4\啡r^2} .
↑ Volume derived from the radius (r): 解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle 4\啡r^3/3} .
↑ Surface gravity derived from the mass (m)， thegravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $Gm/r^{2}$ .
↑ Escape velocity derived from the mass (m)， thegravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $\textstyle {\sqrt {2Gm/r}}$ .

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

↑ Galilei, Galileo; translated by Edward Carlos (March 1610). Barker, Peter, pian. "Sidereus Nuncius" (PDF). University of Oklahoma History of Science. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī December 20， 2005 hőng khó͘-pih. January 13， 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "In Depth | Ganymede". NASA Solar System Exploration. June 16， 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Ganymede". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Ganymede". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
↑ Quinn Passey & E. M. Shoemaker (1982) "Craters on Ganymede and Callisto", 怹David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 385–386, 411.
↑ Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95 (1990).
↑ E. M. Shoemaker et al. (1982) "Geology of Ganymede", 怹David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 464, 482, 496.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory， California Institute of Technology.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Showman, Adam P。; Malhotra, Renu (October 1， 1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF). Science. 286 (5437): 77–84. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77. PMID 10506564.
↑ Schubert, G。; Anderson, J。 D。; Spohn, T。; McKinnon, W。 B。 (2004). "Interior composition， structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". Chū Bagenal, F。; Dowling, T。 E。; McKinnon, W。 B。. Jupiter: the planet， satellites， and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598.
↑ Bills, Bruce G。 (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter". Icarus. 175 (1): 233–247. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..233B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Yeomans, Donald K。 (July 13， 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics. November 5， 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Yeomans; Chamberlin. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)". California Institute of Technology， Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 14， 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03).
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Delitsky, Mona L。; Lane, Arthur L。 (1998). "Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites" (PDF). J。 Geophys。 Res。. 103 (E13): 31,391–31,403. Bibcode:1998JGR...10331391D. doi:10.1029/1998JE900020. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 3， 2006 hőng khó͘-pih.
↑ Orton, G。 S。; Spencer, G。 R。; et al. (1996). "Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites". Science. 274 (5286): 389–391. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..389O. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.389.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Hall, D。 T。; Feldman, P。 D。; et al. (1998). "The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede". The Astrophysical Journal. 499 (1): 475–481. Bibcode:1998ApJ...499..475H. doi:10.1086/305604.

Ên伸 (sin)閱獨 (ua̍t-to̍k)[修改]

Dougherty; Grasset (2011). Jupiter Icy Mo͘n Explorer (PDF).
"Jupiter's Great Red Spot and Ganymede's shadow". www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. October 31， 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.

參閱 (Tsham-ua̍t)[修改]

Oxford English Dictionary
Oxford University Press
Merriam-Webster Dictionary

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

佇Wikimedia Commons等的相關檔案: Ganymede (mo͘n)

Ganymede pageatNASA's Solar System Exploration site
Ganymede pageatThe Nine Planets
Ganymede pageatViews of the Solar System
Ganymede Crater Database from the Lunar and Planetary Institute
Images of GanymedeatJPL's Planetary Photojournal
Movie of Ganymede's rotation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Ganymedemapfrom Scientific American article
Ganymedemapwith feature names from Planetary Photojournal
Ganymede nomenclature and Ganymedemapwith feature names from theUSGS planetary nomenclature page
Paul Schenk's 3D images and flyover videos of Ganymede and other outer solar system satellites
Ganymede Orbiter Concept
Global GeologicMapof Ganymede (USGS)
Google Ganymede 3D， interactive map of the mo͘n
Video (animation; 4:00): Flyby of Ganymede and Jupiter (NASA; July 15， 2021)。

Pún 文章 sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[periapsiscomment-7] Periapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1-e)$ .

[apoapsiscomment-8] Apoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): $a\cdot (1+e)$ .

[surfaceareacomment-11] Surface area derived from the radius (r): 解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle 4\啡r^2} .

[volumecomment-12] Volume derived from the radius (r): 解析失敗 (語法錯誤): {\displaystyle 4\啡r^3/3} .

[surfacegravitycomment-13] Surface gravity derived from the mass (m)， thegravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $Gm/r^{2}$ .

[escapevelocitycomment-15] Escape velocity derived from the mass (m)， thegravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): $\textstyle {\sqrt {2Gm/r}}$ .

[SidereusNuncius-1] Galilei, Galileo; translated by Edward Carlos (March 1610). Barker, Peter, pian. "Sidereus Nuncius" (PDF). University of Oklahoma History of Science. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī December 20， 2005 hőng khó͘-pih. January 13， 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.

[NASA-2] "In Depth | Ganymede". NASA Solar System Exploration. June 16， 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[3] "Ganymede". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Ganymede". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

[4] Quinn Passey & E. M. Shoemaker (1982) "Craters on Ganymede and Callisto", 怹David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 385–386, 411.

[5] Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95 (1990).

[6] E. M. Shoemaker et al. (1982) "Geology of Ganymede", 怹David Morrison, ed., Satellites of Jupiter, vol. 3, International Astronomical Union, pp. 464, 482, 496.

[orbit-9] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory， California Institute of Technology.

[Showman1999-10] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Showman, Adam P。; Malhotra, Renu (October 1， 1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF). Science. 286 (5437): 77–84. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77. PMID 10506564.

[Schubert2004-14] Schubert, G。; Anderson, J。 D。; Spohn, T。; McKinnon, W。 B。 (2004). "Interior composition， structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". Chū Bagenal, F。; Dowling, T。 E。; McKinnon, W。 B。. Jupiter: the planet， satellites， and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598.

[Bills2005-16] Bills, Bruce G。 (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter". Icarus. 175 (1): 233–247. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..233B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028.

[jplfact-17] 11.0 ^11.1 Yeomans, Donald K。 (July 13， 2006). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL Solar System Dynamics. November 5， 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.

[horizons-18] Yeomans; Chamberlin. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)". California Institute of Technology， Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 14， 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03).

[Delitsky1998-19] 13.0 ^13.1 Delitsky, Mona L。; Lane, Arthur L。 (1998). "Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites" (PDF). J。 Geophys。 Res。. 103 (E13): 31,391–31,403. Bibcode:1998JGR...10331391D. doi:10.1029/1998JE900020. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 3， 2006 hőng khó͘-pih.

[Orton1996-20] Orton, G。 S。; Spencer, G。 R。; et al. (1996). "Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites". Science. 274 (5286): 389–391. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..389O. doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.389.

[Hall1998-21] 15.0 ^15.1 Hall, D。 T。; Feldman, P。 D。; et al. (1998). "The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede". The Astrophysical Journal. 499 (1): 475–481. Bibcode:1998ApJ...499..475H. doi:10.1086/305604.

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Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ)

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注腳 (Tsù-kiok)[修改]

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

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參閱 (Tsham-ua̍t)[修改]

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

巡覽me-niú

Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ)

注腳 (Tsù-kiok)[修改]

註解 (Tsù-kái)[修改]

Ên伸 (sin)閱獨 (ua̍t-to̍k)[修改]

參閱 (Tsham-ua̍t)[修改]

外部 (Guā-pōo)連結 (liân-kiat)[修改]

巡覽me-niú

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